{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:04:03Z","timestamp":1788739443318,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HL160324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HL160324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54MD000538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD000538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    International Asian and Latina women who are sex trafficking survivors experience a wide spectrum of gender-based violence throughout their life course and suffer from its adverse mental and physical health outcomes. However, there is limited research among this seldom heard population. This study aims to explore poly-victimization patterns of child abuse, intimate partner violence (IPV), client violence, and police violence; and to explore their associations with psychosocial factors. Using a Community-Based Participatory Research approach, survey data was collected from 95 women from 2019 to 2020. Latent class analysis was used to explore poly-victimization patterns, and chi-square tests were used to examine their bivariate associations with psychosocial factors. Mean age of the sample was 41.6\u2009\u00b1\u20099.8\u2009years old. Most had limited English proficiency (94.6%). Majority were Asian (76.3%) and had been arrested (75.3%). The prevalence of violence was high: child abuse (62.8%), past-year IPV (10.5%), lifetime sex buyer client violence (71.3%), and lifetime police violence (17.9%). Two distinct classes of poly-victimization were observed: High violence burden class (high likelihood of child abuse, low likelihood of IPV, high likelihood of client violence, and low likelihood of police violence; 55.9%); Moderate violence burden class (low likelihood of child abuse, no likelihood of IPV, medium likelihood of client violence and lower likelihood of police violence; 44.1%). Latina women (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and those with lower tangible (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.021) or emotional support (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.003) were more likely to be in the high violence burden class. Post-traumatic stress disorder was associated with high violence burden class (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.036). Our findings are among the first to highlight the heterogeneity in poly-victimization experiences within this multiply marginalized group, pointing to the importance of person-centered and trauma-informed approaches in addressing the needs of this population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251321004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T02:03:27Z","timestamp":1740621807000},"page":"1713-1735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Poly-Victimization Patterns and Their Correlates Among International Asian and Latina Sex Trafficking Survivors in New York City"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0117-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiepin","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University Grossman School of Medicine, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2960-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J.","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protect All Children from Trafficking (PACT), Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7406-5235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahnah","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University Grossman School of Medicine, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Re-trafficked victims: How a human rights approach can stop the cycle of re-victimization of sex trafficking victims","volume":"43","author":"Adams C.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adams C. 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