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While the trauma model has been applied to other addictive behaviors, little is known about the relationship between childhood trauma, trauma-related symptoms, and IGD symptoms. This preliminary study investigated whether childhood betrayal trauma would have a stronger relationship with IGD symptoms than non-betrayal trauma and whether IGD symptoms would be associated with interpersonal stress and trauma-related symptoms. A regionally diverse, predominantly female sample of English-speaking young adults aged 18 to 24 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009283) completed validated standardized measures. We found that IGD symptoms were associated with childhood non-betrayal trauma (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009.225,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and interpersonal stress (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009.214,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) but not with childhood betrayal trauma and post-traumatic and dissociative symptoms. While the results should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations of this study, it extends the application of the trauma model of addiction to the context of IGD. Our study underscores the universal importance of child protection and early interventions for childhood trauma survivors in the prevention of addictive behaviors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251325933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T05:03:15Z","timestamp":1741928595000},"page":"2173-2189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Is Internet Gaming Disorder Associated with Trauma and Stress? 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Ross Institute for Psychological Trauma, Richardson, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent Wan Ping","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley Kam Ki","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet Yuen-Ha","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759.25.4.260"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040.11.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernstein E. 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