{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T14:16:10Z","timestamp":1777990570214,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24KJ1403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24KJ1403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Social exclusion heightens hostile cognition and aggressive responses toward excluders. However, its direct causal effects and relationship with self-construal are unclear in early childhood. This study experimentally investigated the effects of social exclusion on later hostile cognition and aggressive responses toward excluders (vs. includers) in Japanese 5- to 6-year-old preschoolers (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200935;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200970.51\u2009months; 18 females) and explored the role of caregivers\u2019 independent selves on those children\u2019s responses. The results showed that regardless of the caregivers\u2019 independent selves, exclusion increased children\u2019s later hostile cognition and aggressive responses toward excluders, particularly in a context related to previous exclusive situations. However, hostile cognition did not mediate the relationship between exclusion and aggressive responses, suggesting that preschoolers\u2019 aggressive responses toward excluders not be substantially influenced by their hostility. These findings support existing developmental findings and expand knowledge of retaliative behaviors in young children, highlighting the need for further developmental and cultural research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251336346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T03:41:06Z","timestamp":1746675666000},"page":"3027-3041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hostile Cognitions and Aggressive Responses Toward Excluders in Young Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2235-7838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nozomi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9002-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Moriguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen J. 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