{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:48:44Z","timestamp":1791942524777,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Corporal punishment (CP) remains a contentious issue in child-rearing debates, with varying opinions influenced by cultural, educational, and personal experiences. This study investigates the impact of sex, educational level, witnessing domestic violence, and experiencing physical and psychological abuse during childhood on adults\u2019 attitudes toward CP. In addition, it explores the mediating roles of stereotypical gender roles and psychopathy in these relationships. Four hundred fifty Honduran adults completed an online survey. Of the total sample, 66.67% were female. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used. Data was collected through self-reported questionnaires previously validated. 49.78% of participants reject slapping as a necessary disciplinary method, and 50.67% oppose legalizing parental use of force. However, a minority still considers spanking effective (24.66%). Mediation analysis shows that childhood psychological abuse significantly reduces support for CP, while psychopathy and stereotypical gender roles increase it. Females exhibit lower levels of psychopathy and adherence to traditional gender roles, which mediates their reduced support for CP. In addition, childhood physical abuse indirectly decreases CP endorsement through its influence on gender role beliefs. Educational level does not, directly or indirectly, predict attitudes toward CP. However, despite its medium effect size, the model only accounts for 16.7% of the variance in CP attitudes. Overall, being female and reporting childhood physical and psychological abuse significantly reduce support for CP, whereas witnessing domestic violence increases it. Despite the influence of these factors, other unexamined variables may also play a role.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251336785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T04:55:03Z","timestamp":1746680103000},"page":"2841-2866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Understanding Adult Attitudes Toward Corporal Punishment in Honduras: The Role of Sex, Gender Roles, Education, Childhood Experiences, and Psychopathy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7865-7593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Landa-Blanco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"},{"name":"National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaran\u00ed","family":"Echenique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"},{"name":"National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Cruz-Quintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3481-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Alc\u00e1ntara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alicante, Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alacant, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6329-8770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Nieves","family":"P\u00e9rez Marfil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alampay L. P. Godwin J. Lansford J. E. Oburu P. Bornstein M. H. Chang L. Deater-Deckard K. Rothenberg W. A. Malone P. S. Skinner A. T. Pastorelli C. Sorbring E. Steinberg L. Tapanya S. Uribe Tirado L. M. Yotanyamaneewong S. Al-Hassan S. M. Bacchini D. Di Giunta L. . . . Gurdal S. (2022). Change in caregivers\u2019 attitudes and use of corporal punishment following a legal ban: A multi-country longitudinal comparison. Child Maltreatment 27(4) 561\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10775595211036401","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595211036401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","author":"American Psychological Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. (2013). APA Dictionary of Clinical Psychology.","journal-title":"APA Dictionary of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baniamin H. M. (2021). Variations in the acceptance of parental corporal punishment of children: what matters? Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37(19\u201320) NP18006\u2013NP18031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605211035856","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211035856"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bott S. Ruiz-Celis A. P. Mendoza J. A. Guedes A. (2021). Co-occurring violent discipline of children and intimate partner violence against women in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic search and secondary analysis of national datasets. BMJ Global Health 6(12) e007063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-007063","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-007063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bower-Russa M. E. Knutson J. F. Winebarger A. (2001). Disciplinary history adult disciplinary attitudes and risk for abusive parenting. Journal of Community Psychology 29(3) 219\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.1015","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.1015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burani K. Brush C. J. Spahr C. Slavich G. M. Meyer A. Hajcak G. (2023). Corporal punishment is uniquely associated with a greater neural response to errors and blunted neural response to rewards in adolescence. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 8(2) 210\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2022.09.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2022.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burela A. Piazza M. Alvarado G. F. Gushiken A. Fiestas F. (2014). Acceptability of physical punishment in child rearing by people who were victims of physical violence during childhood in Peru. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica 31(4) 669\u2013675. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:20065937","DOI":"10.17843\/rpmesp.2014.314.116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Callejas E. Byrne S. Rodrigo M. J. (2022). Introducing parenting support in primary care: Professionals\u2019 perspectives on the implementation of a positive parenting program. Journal of Prevention 43(2) 241\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10935-021-00664-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-021-00664-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","volume-title":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Questionnaire","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2020","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Questionnaire."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christov-Moore L. Simpson E. A. Coud\u00e9 G. Grigaityte K. Iacoboni M. Ferrari P. F. (2014). Empathy: Gender effects in brain and behavior. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 46 604\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.09.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung K. L. Tay C. E. Gan A. Z. Q. Tan C. S. N. (2022a). Attitudes toward corporal punishment of children. Journal of Individual Differences 43(2) 105\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1614-0001\/a000364","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-0001\/a000364"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung K. L. Tay C. E. Gan A. Z. Q. Tan C. S. N. (2022b). Attitudes toward corporal punishment of children: The role of past experience Dark Tetrad traits and anger rumination. Journal of Individual Differences 43 105\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1614-0001\/a000364","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-0001\/a000364"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cl\u00e9ment M.-\u00c8. Chamberland C. (2014). Trends in corporal punishment and attitudes in favour of this practice: Toward a change in societal norms. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 33(2) 13\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7870\/cjcmh-2014-013","DOI":"10.7870\/cjcmh-2014-013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin 112(1) 155\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crossman R. K. Stith S. M. Bender M. M. (1990). Sex role egalitarianism and marital violence. Sex Roles 22(5\u20136) 293\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00288335","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00288335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Ruiter C. Burghart M. De Silva R. Griesbeck Garcia S. Mian U. Walshe E. Zouharova V. (2022). A meta-analysis of childhood maltreatment in relation to psychopathic traits. PLoS One 17(8) e0272704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0272704","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devries K. Merrill K. G. Knight L. Bott S. Guedes A. Butron-Riveros B. Hege C. Petzold M. Peterman A. Cappa C. Maxwell L. Williams A. Kishor S. Abrahams N. (2019). Violence against children in Latin America and the Caribbean: What do available data reveal about prevalence and perpetrators? Revista Panamericana de Salud P\u00fablica 43 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26633\/RPSP.2019.66","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2019.66"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisen D. B. Yamashita L. (2019). Borrowing from femininity: The caring man hybrid masculinities and maintaining male dominance. Men and Masculinities 22(5) 801\u2013820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1097184X17728552","DOI":"10.1177\/1097184X17728552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","unstructured":"End All Corporal Punishment of Children. (2017). El castigo corporal de los ni\u00f1os en Honduras [The corporal punishment of children in Honduras]. https:\/\/endcorporalpunishment.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/country-reports\/Honduras_ES.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","unstructured":"Freer B. (2020). Global perspective on corporal punishment and its effects on children. www.un.org\/development\/desa\/family\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2020\/06\/Freer_Expert-Group-Paper_Corporal-Punishment-Physical-Abuse_June2020.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gagn\u00e9 M.-H. Tourigny M. Joly J. Pouliot-Lapointe J. (2007). Predictors of adult attitudes toward corporal punishment of children. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 22(10) 1285\u20131304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260507304550","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260507304550"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Cueto E. Rodr\u00edguez-D\u00edaz F. J. Bringas-Molleda C. L\u00f3pez-Cepero J. Pa\u00edno-Quesada S. Rodr\u00edguez-Franco L. (2015). Development of the Gender Role Attitudes Scale (GRAS) amongst young Spanish people. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology 15(1) 61\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijchp.2014.10.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2014.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gershoff E. T. Grogan-Kaylor A. (2016). Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta-analyses. Journal of Family Psychology 30(4) 453\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/fam0000191","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000191"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glouchkow A. Weegar K. Romano E. (2023). Teachers\u2019 responses to child maltreatment. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma 16(1) 95\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40653-022-00473-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-022-00473-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gluck M. Heesacker M. Choi H. D. (2020). How much of the dark triad is accounted for by sexism?. Personality and Individual Differences 154 109728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2019.109728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.109728"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greene C. A. Haisley L. Wallace C. Ford J. D. (2020). Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse neglect and violence. Clinical Psychology Review 80 101891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00fcn \u0130. \u00c7opur A. Balc\u0131 E. (2022). Effect of training about child neglect and abuse to teachers and its effect to awareness. BMC Public Health 22(1) 543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-12904-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12904-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hecker T. Hermenau K. Isele D. Elbert T. (2014). Corporal punishment and children\u2019s externalizing problems: A cross-sectional study of Tanzanian primary school aged children. Child Abuse & Neglect 38(5) 884\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.11.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heilmann A. Mehay A. Watt R. G. Kelly Y. Durrant J. E. van Turnhout J. Gershoff E. T. (2021). Physical punishment and child outcomes: A narrative review of prospective studies. The Lancet 398(10297) 355\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00582-1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00582-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","volume-title":"Enqu\u00eate La violence dans la vie des enfants du Qu\u00e9bec","author":"Institut de la Statistique du Qu\u00e9bec","year":"2013","unstructured":"Institut de la Statistique du Qu\u00e9bec. (2013). Enqu\u00eate La violence dans la vie des enfants du Qu\u00e9bec."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones D. N. Paulhus D. L. (2013). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment 21(1) 28\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191113514105","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113514105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones L. D. Grout R. W. Gilbert A. L. Wilkinson T. A. Garbuz T. Downs S. M. Aalsma M. C. (2021). How can healthcare professionals provide guidance and support to parents of adolescents? Results from a primary care-based study. BMC Health Services Research 21(1) 253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-021-06200-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06200-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kappel R. H. Livingston M. D. Patel S. N. Villaveces A. Massetti G. M. (2021). Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and associated health risks and risk behaviors among young women and men in Honduras. Child Abuse and Neglect. 115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.104993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.104993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar S. Christakis N. A. P\u00e9rez-Escamilla R. (2021). Household food insecurity and health in a high-migration area in rural Honduras. SSM \u2013 Population Health 15 100885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100885"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landa-Blanco M. Cheon H. Reyes Flores L. G. Spohn C. Katz C. M. (2020). Violence in Honduras from 2008 to 2018. Injury Prevention 26(2) 191 LP\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043536","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043536"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landa-Blanco M. Cort\u00e9s-Ramos A. (2021). Psychology students\u2019 attitudes towards research: The role of critical thinking epistemic orientation and satisfaction with research courses. Heliyon 7(12) e08504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landa-Blanco M. Herrera T. Espinoza H. Gir\u00f3n K. Moncada S. Cort\u00e9s-Ramos A. (2024). The impact of benevolent childhood experiences on adult flourishing: The mediating role of Light Triad traits. Frontiers in Psychology. 15 1320169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1320169","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1320169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landa-Blanco M. V\u00e1squez G. Portillo G. Sproviero F. Echenique Y. (2024). The impact of adverse childhood experiences on mental health sexual risk behaviors and alcohol consumption in adulthood. Frontiers in Psychiatry 15 1352824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1352824","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1352824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lansford J. E. Zietz S. Putnick D. L. Deater-Deckard K. Bradley R. H. Costa M. Esposito G. Bornstein M. H. (2020). Men\u2019s and women\u2019s views on acceptability of husband-to-wife violence and use of corporal punishment with children in 21 low- and middle-income countries. Child Abuse & Neglect 108 104692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104692"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee H. Kim E. (2023). Global prevalence of physical and psychological child abuse during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect 135 105984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105984"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macintyre D. I. Cantrell P. J. (1995). Punishment history and adult attitudes towards violence and aggression in men and women. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 23(1) 23\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2224\/sbp.1995.23.1.23","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.1995.23.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mej\u00eda-Suazo C. J. Landa-Blanco M. Mej\u00eda-Suazo G. A. Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez C. A. (2025). Personality traits and digital challenges in Honduran adults: Exploring the Dark and Light Triads\u2019 influence on internet gaming disorder and technology-related conflicts. Frontiers in Public Health. Advance online Publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1485264","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1485264"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milfont T. L. Sibley C. G. (2016). Empathic and social dominance orientations help explain gender differences in environmentalism: A one-year Bayesian mediation analysis. Personality and Individual Differences 90 85\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2015.10.044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Negriff S. Sidell M. A. DiGangi M. J. (2024). Adverse childhood experiences screening in healthcare settings: A focus on pediatric primary care. Child Abuse & Neglect 106709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106709"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obinna D. N. (2021). Seeking sanctuary: Violence against women in El Salvador Honduras and Guatemala. Violence Against Women 27(6\u20137) 806\u2013827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077801220913633","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801220913633"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Stereotyping of effective male and female leaders: A concomitant of gendered workplaces","volume":"42","author":"Patel D.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patel D., Biswas U. N. (2016). Stereotyping of effective male and female leaders: A concomitant of gendered workplaces. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 42(1), 53\u201362.","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paz-Maldonado E. Flores-Gir\u00f3n H. Silva-Pe\u00f1a I. (2021). Educaci\u00f3n y desigualdad social: El impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en el sistema educativo p\u00fablico de Honduras. Education Policy Analysis Archives 29(August-December) 133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14507\/epaa.29.6290","DOI":"10.14507\/epaa.29.6290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez S\u00e1nchez B. Concha-Salgado A. Fern\u00e1ndez-Su\u00e1rez A. Juarros-Basterretxea J. Rodr\u00edguez-D\u00edaz F. J. (2021). La Escala de Actitudes de Roles de G\u00e9nero (GRAS) como una alternativa para la crisis en la medici\u00f3n de actitudes hacia los roles de g\u00e9nero en Am\u00e9rica Latina: un estudio en universitarios chilenos. Anales de Psicolog\u00eda \/ Annals of Psychology 37(3 SE-Psicolog\u00eda social y de las organizaciones) 567\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6018\/analesps.438431","DOI":"10.6018\/analesps.438431"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perrotte J. K. Martin J. L. Pi\u00f1a-Watson B. (2021). Traditional feminine gender roles alcohol use and protective behavioral strategies among Latina college students. Journal of American College Health 69(6) 644\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2019.1705836","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2019.1705836"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Policastro C. Rush Z. Garland T. S. Crittenden C. A. (2024). Spare the rod?: College students\u2019 experiences with and perceptions of Corporal punishment. Journal of Child and Family Studies. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-024-02806-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-024-02806-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rijnders R. J. P. Terburg D. Bos P. A. Kempes M. M. van Honk J. (2021). Unzipping empathy in psychopathy: Empathy and facial affect processing in psychopaths. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 131 1116\u20131126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.10.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez C. M. (2013). Analog of parental empathy: Association with physical child abuse risk and punishment intentions. Child Abuse & Neglect 37(8) 493\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.10.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez E. A. Ag\u00fcero-Flores M. Landa-Blanco M. Agurcia D. Santos-Midence C. (2021). Moral injury and light triad traits: Anxiety and depression in health-care personnel during the coronavirus-2019 pandemic in Honduras. Hispanic Health Care International 19(4): 230\u2013238. 15404153211042372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15404153211042371","DOI":"10.1177\/15404153211042371"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruban N. (2023). Caste and Masculinity: The complexity of gender dynamics among different communities in Tamil Karisal literature. New Literaria 4(1) 86\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48189\/nl.2023.v04i1.012","DOI":"10.48189\/nl.2023.v04i1.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stobbe L. (2005). Doing machismo: Legitimating speech acts as a selection discourse. Gender Work & Organization 12(2) 105\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-0432.2005.00265.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0432.2005.00265.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang C. S.-K. (1999). Marital power and aggression in a community sample of Hong Kong Chinese families. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 14(6) 586\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/088626099014006002","DOI":"10.1177\/088626099014006002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","volume-title":"Jamovi Version 2.3.21","author":"The Jamovi Project","year":"2023","unstructured":"The Jamovi Project. (2023). Jamovi Version 2.3.21. jamovi."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Todorovic K. O\u2019Leary E. Ward K. P. Devarasetty P. P. Lee S. J. Knox M. Andari E. (2022). Prevalence increase and predictors of family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic using modern machine learning approaches. Frontiers in Psychiatry 13 883294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.883294","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.883294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","unstructured":"UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2007). Convention on the Rights of the Child. https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/legal\/general\/crc\/2007\/en\/41020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","volume-title":"Marco Referencial. Intervenci\u00f3n multi-componente de prevenci\u00f3n del castigo f\u00edsico y trato humillante","author":"UNICEF & PANIAMOR","year":"2017","unstructured":"UNICEF & PANIAMOR. (2017). Marco Referencial. Intervenci\u00f3n multi-componente de prevenci\u00f3n del castigo f\u00edsico y trato humillante."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valdez L. A. Jaeger E. C. Garcia D. O. Griffith D. M. (2023). Breaking down machismo: Shifting definitions and embodiments of Latino manhood in middle-aged Latino men. American Journal of Men\u2019s Health 17(5) 15579883231195118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15579883231195118","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883231195118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Dongen J. D. M. (2020). The empathic brain of psychopaths: From social science to neuroscience in empathy. Frontiers in Psychology. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00695","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00695"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wheeler J. Hutchinson P. Leyton A. (2020). Intimate partner violence in Honduras: Ecological correlates of self-reported victimization and fear of a male partner. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(23\u201324) 11483\u201311508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260519898441","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519898441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witt A. Fegert J. M. Rodens K. P. Br\u00e4hler E. L\u00fchrs Da Silva C. Plener P. L. (2021). The cycle of violence: Examining attitudes toward and experiences of corporal punishment in a representative German sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(1\u20132) NP263\u2013NP286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260517731784","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517731784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zolotor A. J. Puzia M. E. (2010). Bans against corporal punishment: A systematic review of the laws changes in attitudes and behaviours. Child Abuse Review 19(4) 229\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/car.1131","DOI":"10.1002\/car.1131"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605251336785","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605251336785","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605251336785","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T13:46:47Z","timestamp":1777988807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605251336785"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605251336785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605251336785","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]}}}