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While prior research has examined various influencing factors, further exploration is needed to clarify the shared mechanisms underlying this relationship. This study examines the mediating roles of self-compassion and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and whether this association differs by gender. Adopting a longitudinal design, we conducted self-report surveys at three different time points, each 6\u2009months apart. The final sample comprised 517 students (299 women;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200919.00,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.31) from four universities in China, all of whom had been exposed to at least one type of childhood maltreatment before the age of 16. Bias-corrected bootstrap estimation was employed to examine the mediating relationships. After controlling for negative life events, our analysis revealed gender-specific mediating pathways. We found that uncompassionate self-responding and PTSD played a chain mediating role in the relationships between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation for women only. In contrast, for men, there was a positive relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation via an indirect path from compassionate self-responding to PTSD. Our findings suggest that compassionate self-responding may serve as a protective factor for those who were abused or neglected during their childhood, while uncompassionate self-responding may aggravate negative psychological outcomes such as PTSD and later suicidal ideation. In addition, special attention should be given to the observed gender differences in these pathways. Gender-specific interventions may be more effective in mitigating the long-term psychological impacts of childhood maltreatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251339640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T07:51:32Z","timestamp":1748073092000},"page":"3587-3608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Suicidal Ideation: Gender Differences in the Mediating Roles of Self-Compassion and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ruochen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8550-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afifi T. 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