{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T05:48:11Z","timestamp":1782107291664,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13-14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-111565GB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111565GB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSI2016-79481-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2016-79481-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NextGenerationEU JDC2022-049121-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NextGenerationEU JDC2022-049121-I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003176","name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU21\/01036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU21\/01036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a significant global public health issue, causing substantial physical, psychological, and sexual harm. Research on the neuropsychological aspects of IPVAW perpetrators, particularly executive cognitive functions, is limited. However, this area of study is critical due to the established link between executive functioning impairment and aggressive behavior. This study explores whether men convicted of IPVAW present different executive function performance compared to men convicted of other crimes and non-convicted men, while also distinguishing between generalist and specialist IPVAW offenders. The sample comprised 234 participants divided into five groups: 55 specialist IPVAW perpetrators, 33 generalist IPVAW perpetrators, 49 non-violent offenders, 33 violent offenders, and 64 non-offenders. Multivariate analysis of covariance analysis was carried out to explore differences between groups, controlling for drug use, loss of consciousness due to brain injury, and years of education. Results showed no differences among the groups in cognitive flexibility, decision-making, and inhibition, except for working memory. All convicted groups exhibited lower working memory performance compared to non-offenders, but no differences were found among the convicted groups. These findings suggest that while working memory may be a crucial factor in both violent and non-violent offenses, general executive deficits are not distinguishing features among different types of offenders. The study underscores the importance of focusing on working memory in interventions to mitigate criminal behavior and suggests further research to differentiate between IPVAW and other offenders to refine prevention and treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251347911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T08:09:47Z","timestamp":1751443787000},"page":"4286-4311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is There a Different Executive Functioning Profile for Intimate Partner Violence Against Women Perpetrators Compared to Other Offenders?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0252-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelia","family":"P\u00e9rez-C\u00e1mara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3603-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Amaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Lus\u00f3fona University, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9952-9478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Hidalgo-Ruzzante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3834-7208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Teva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4775-7556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Perez-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7812-8598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agar","family":"Mar\u00edn-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"},{"name":"University of Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amaoui S. Mar\u00edn-Morales A. Mart\u00edn-P\u00e9rez C. P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda M. Verdejo-Rom\u00e1n J. Morawetz C. (2023). Intrinsic neural network dynamics underlying the ability to down-regulate emotions in male perpetrators of intimate partner violence against women. Brain Structure and Function 228(9) 2025\u20132040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-023-02696-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-023-02696-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bannon S. M. Salis K. L. Daniel O\u2019Leary K. (2015). Structural brain abnormalities in aggression and violent behavior. Aggression and Violent Behavior 25 323\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2015.09.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2015.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barkus E. (2020). Effects of working memory training on emotion regulation: Transdiagnostic review. PsyCh Journal 9(2) 258\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pchj.353","DOI":"10.1002\/pchj.353"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becerra-Garc\u00eda J. A. (2015). Neuropsychology of domestic violence: A comparative preliminary study of executive functioning. Medicine Science and the Law 55(1) 35\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0025802414525148","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802414525148"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bechara A. Damasio A. R. Damasio H. Anderson S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to the human prefrontal cortex. Cognition 50(1\u20133) 7\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bialystok E. Craik F. I. (2022). How does bilingualism modify cognitive function? Attention to the mechanism. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 29(4) 1246\u20131269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-022-02057-5","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-022-02057-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bigler E. D. (2008). Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 14 1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S135561770808017X","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561770808017X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyle D. J. O\u2019Leary K. D. Rosenbaum A. Hassett-Walker C. (2008). Differentiating between generally and partner-only violent subgroups: Lifetime antisocial behavior family of origin violence and impulsivity. Journal of Family Violence 23 47\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10896-007-9133-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-007-9133-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breslow N. E. (1996). Generalized linear models: checking assumptions and strengthening conclusions. Statistica Applicata 8(1) 23\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1198\/016214505000000637","DOI":"10.1198\/016214505000000637"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bueso-Izquierdo N. Hidalgo-Ruzzante N. Daugherty J. C. Burneo-Garc\u00e9s C. P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda M. (2016). Differences in executive function between batterers and other criminals. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 16 321\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15228932.2016.1219216","DOI":"10.1080\/15228932.2016.1219216"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgess J. (2020). A brief review of the relationship of executive function assessment and violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior 54 101414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101414"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campanholo K. R. Boa I. N. F. Hodroj F. C. D. S. A. Guerra G. R. B. Miotto E. C. Lucia M. C. S. D. (2017). Impact of sociodemographic variables on executive functions. Dementia & Neuropsychology 11 62\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1980-57642016dn11-010010","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642016dn11-010010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan S. C. Raine A. Lee T. M. C. (2010). Attentional bias towards negative affect stimuli and reactive aggression in male batterers. Psychiatry Research 176 246\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.12.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clare C. A. Velasquez G. Martorell G. M. M. Fernandez D. Dinh J. Montague A. (2021). Risk factors for male perpetration of intimate partner violence: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior 56 101532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101532"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen R. A. Brumm V. Zawacki T. M. Paul R. Rosenbaum A. (2003). Impulsivity and verbal deficits associated with domestic violence. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 9 760\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617703950090","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617703950090"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collison K. L. Lynam D. R. (2023). Personality traits personality disorders and aggression: A comparison of intimate partner violence and non-intimate-partner aggression. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 45(2) 294\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-022-10001-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-022-10001-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corvo K. Johnson P. (2013). Sharpening Ockham\u2019s Razor: The role of psychopathology and neuropsychopathology in the perpetration of domestic violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior 18(1) 175\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2012.11.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2012.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruz A. R. de Castro-Rodrigues A. Barbosa F. (2020). Executive dysfunction violence and aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior 51 101380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101380"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Easton C. J. Sacco K. A. Neavins T. M. Wupperman P. George T. P. (2008). Neurocognitive performance among alcohol dependent men with and without physical violence toward their partners: A preliminary report. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 34(1) 29\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00952990701764326","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990701764326"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Echebur\u00faa E. Fern\u00e1ndez-Montalvo J. de Corral P. L\u00f3pez-Go\u00f1i J. J. (2009). Assessing risk markers in intimate partner femicide and severe violence: A new assessment instrument. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24(6) 925\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260508319370","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508319370"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","volume-title":"An R companion to applied regression","author":"Fox J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fox J., Weisberg S. (2019). An R companion to applied regression (3rd ed.). SAGE.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fox J. M. Reilly J. L. Kosson D. S. Brown A. Hanlon R. E. Brook M. (2022). Differentiating perpetrators of intimate partner violence from other violent offenders using a statistical learning model: The role of cognition and life history variables. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37(3\u20134) 1106\u20131132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260520918567","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520918567"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godfrey D. A. Kehoe C. M. Bastardas-Albero A. Babcock J. C. (2020). Empathy mediates the relations between working memory and perpetration of intimate partner violence and aggression. Behavioral Sciences 10(3) 63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bs10030063","DOI":"10.3390\/bs10030063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granvald V. Marciszko C. (2016). Relations between key executive functions and aggression in childhood. Child Neuropsychology 22 537\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09297049.2015.1018152","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2015.1018152"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanlon R. E. Brook M. Demery J. A. Cunningham M. D. (2016). Domestic homicide: Neuropsychological profiles of murderers who kill family members and intimate partners. J ournal of Forensic Sciences 61 S163\u2013S170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12908","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12908"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hecht L. K. Latzman R. D. (2018). Exploring the differential associations between components of executive functioning and reactive and proactive aggression. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 40 62\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13803395.2017.1314450","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2017.1314450"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrero J. Torres A. Fern\u00e1ndez-Su\u00e1rez A. Rodr\u00edguez-D\u00edaz F. J. (2016). Generalists versus specialists: Toward a typology of batterers in prison. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context 8(1) 19\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpal.2015.09.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpal.2015.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrero O. Escorial S. Colom R. (2010). Basic executive processes in incarcerated offenders. Personality and Individual Differences 48(2) 133\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2009.09.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holtzworth-Munroe A. Meehan J. C. Herron K. Rehman U. Stuart G. L. (2000). Testing the Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart (1994) batterer typology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 68(6) 1000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.68.6.1000","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.6.1000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horne K. Henshall K. Golden C. (2020). Intimate partner violence and deficits in executive function. Aggression and Violent Behavior 54 101412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101412"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Humenik A. M. Grounds Z. K. Mayer H. M. Dolan S. L. (2020). A systematic review of executive cognitive function in intimate partner violent offenders. Aggression and Violent Behavior 54 101407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101407"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunt A. W. Turner G. R. Polatajko H. Bottari C. Dawson D. R. (2013). Executive function self-regulation and attribution in acquired brain injury: A scoping review. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 23 914\u2013932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09602011.2013.835739","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2013.835739"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarosz A. F. Wiley J. (2014). What are the odds? A practical guide to computing and reporting Bayes factors. The Journal of Problem Solving 7(1) 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7771\/1932-6246.1167","DOI":"10.7771\/1932-6246.1167"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kade S. A. du Toit S. A. Danielson C. T. Schweizer S. Morrison A. S. Ong D. C. Prasad A. Holder L. J. Han J. Torok M. Wong Q. J. J. (2024). Aberrant cognitive empathy in individuals with elevated social anxiety and regulation with emotional working memory training. Cognition and Emotion 38(4) 605\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699931.2024.2314981","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2024.2314981"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kockler T. R. Stanford M. S. (2008). Using a clinically aggressive sample to examine the association between impulsivity executive functioning and verbal learning and memory. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 23(2) 165\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acn.2007.10.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2007.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuin N. Masthoff E. Kramer M. Scherder E. (2015). The role of risky decision-making in aggression: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior 25 159\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2015.07.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2015.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lishak V. Scott K. L. Dyson A. Milovanov A. (2019). General criminality as a marker of heterogeneity in domestically violent men: Differences in trauma history psychopathology neurocognitive functioning and psychophysiology. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(17\u201318) 9623\u20139648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260519858065","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519858065"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas de la Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2) en una muestra espa\u00f1ola de agresores de pareja","volume":"24","author":"Loinaz I.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loinaz I., Echebur\u00faa E., Ortiz-Tallo M., Amor P. J. (2012). Propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas de la Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2) en una muestra espa\u00f1ola de agresores de pareja. Psicothema, 24(1), 142\u2013148.","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maguele M. S. Taylor M. Khuzwayo N. (2020). Evidence of sociocultural factors influencing intimate partner violence among young women in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. BMJ Open 10(12) e040641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040641","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040641"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maloney M. A. Eckhardt C. I. Oesterle D. W. (2023). Emotion regulation and intimate partner violence perpetration: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review 100 102238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102238"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn-Morales A. Bueso-Izquierdo N. Hidalgo-Ruzzante N. P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda M. Catena-Mart\u00ednez A. Verdejo-Rom\u00e1n J. (2022). \u201cWould You Allow Your Wife to Dress in a Miniskirt to the Party\u201d?: Batterers do not activate default mode network during moral decisions about intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37(3\u20134) 1463\u20131488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260520926494","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520926494"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McQuade J. D. Murray-Close D. Shoulberg E. K. Hoza B. (2013). Working memory and social functioning in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 115(3) 422\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2013.03.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2013.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meijers J. Harte J. M. Jonker F. A. Meynen G. (2015). Prison brain? Executive dysfunction in prisoners. Frontiers in Psychology 6 43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00043","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","volume-title":"Statistics on gender-based violence in Spain","author":"Ministry of Equality","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ministry of Equality. (2024). Statistics on gender-based violence in Spain. Government of Spain."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyake A. Friedman N. P. Emerson M. J. Witzki A. H. Howerter A. Wager T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex \u201cfrontal lobe\u201d tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology 41(1) 49\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogilvie J. M. Stewart A. L. Chan R. C. K. Shum D. H. K. (2011). Neuropsychological measures of executive function and antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis. Criminology 49 1063\u20131107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2011.00252.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2011.00252.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan D. N. Hoid D. Wang X. B. Jia Z. Li X. (2022). When expanding training from working memory to emotional working memory: Not only improving explicit emotion regulation but also implicit negative control for anxious individuals. Psychological Medicine 52(4) 675\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291720002275","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720002275"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piquero A. R. Theobald D. Farrington D. P. (2013). The overlap between offending trajectories criminal violence and intimate partner violence. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 58(3) 286\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0306624X12472655","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X12472655"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero-Mart\u00ednez \u00c1. Lila M. Gracia E. Mart\u00edn-Fern\u00e1ndez M. Moya-Albiol L. (2021). Generally antisocial batterers with high neuropsychological deficits present lower treatment compliance and higher recidivism. Psychology of Violence 11(3) 318. https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/vio0000296","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000296"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero-Mart\u00ednez \u00c1. Lila M. Moya-Albiol L. (2019). The importance of impulsivity and attention switching deficits in perpetrators convicted for intimate partner violence. Aggressive Behavior 45 129\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ab.21802","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21802"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero-Mart\u00ednez \u00c1. Lila M. Sari\u00f1ana-Gonz\u00e1lez P. Gonz\u00e1lez-Bono E. Moya-Albiol L. (2013). High testosterone levels and sensitivity to acute stress in perpetrators of domestic violence with low cognitive flexibility and impairments in their emotional decoding process: A preliminary study. Aggressive Behavior 39 355\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ab.21490","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21490"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero-Mart\u00ednez \u00c1. Lila M. Vitoria-Estruch S. Moya-Albiol L. (2018). Can attention and working memory impairments of intimate partner perpetrators explain their risky decision making?. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(11\u201312) 6492\u20136507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260518814263","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518814263"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero-Mart\u00ednez \u00c1. Sarrate-Costa C. Moya-Albiol L. (2023). A meta-analysis of cognitive functioning in intimate partner violence perpetrators. Neuropsychology Review 34(4) 1191\u20131212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-023-09628-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-023-09628-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roitman P. Gilad M. Ankri Y. L. Shalev A. Y. (2013). Head injury and loss of consciousness raise the likelihood of developing and maintaining PTSD symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress 26(6) 727\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.21862","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21862"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satyen L. Rogic A. C. Supol M. (2019). Intimate partner violence and help-seeking behaviour: A systematic review of cross-cultural differences. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 21 879\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10903-018-0803-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-018-0803-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","volume-title":"WAIS-III: Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler para Adultos-III","author":"Seisdedos N.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Seisdedos N., Corral S., Cordero A., de la Cruz M. V., Hern\u00e1ndez M. V., Pere\u00f1a J. (1999). WAIS-III: Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler para Adultos-III. TEA Ediciones."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429244261"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","unstructured":"Straus M. A. (2001). Scoring and norms for the CTS2 and CTSPC. http:\/\/pubpages.unh.edu\/~mas2\/CTS28.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strobach T. Salminen T. Karbach J. Schubert T. (2014). Practice-related optimization and transfer of executive functions: A general review and a specific realization of their mechanisms in dual tasks. Psychological Research 78(6) 836\u2013851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00426-014-0563-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-014-0563-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teva I. Hidalgo-Ruzzante N. P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda M. Bueso-Izquierdo N. (2021). Characteristics of childhood family violence experiences in Spanish batterers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(23\u201324) 11212\u201311235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260519898436","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519898436"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teva I. Mar\u00edn-Morales A. Bueso-Izquierdo N. P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda M. Hidalgo-Ruzzante N. (2023). Personality characteristics in specialist and generalist intimate partner violence perpetrators. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 30(1) 86\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2778","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2778"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tonnaer F. Cima M. Arntz A. (2016). Executive (dys)functioning and impulsivity as possible vulnerability factors for aggression in forensic patients. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 204 280\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000485.","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000485"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tornay F. J. Mil\u00e1n E. G. (2001). A more complete task-set reconfiguration in random than in predictable task switch. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 54(3) 785\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/713755984","DOI":"10.1080\/713755984"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ubillos-Landa S. Goiburu-Moreno E. Puente-Mart\u00ednez A. Pizarro-Ruiz J. P. Echebur\u00faa-Odriozola E. (2017). Assessment of distorted thoughts about women and violence of Basque-speaking secondary school students. Revista de Psicodid\u00e1ctica (English Ed.) 22(1) 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1387\/RevPsicodidact.16124","DOI":"10.1387\/RevPsicodidact.16124"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verdejo-Garc\u00eda A. P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda M. (2007). Ecological assessment of executive functions in substance dependent individuals. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 90(1) 48\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitoria-Estruch S. Romero-Mart\u00ednez A. Lila M. Moya-Albiol L. (2018). Differential cognitive profiles of intimate partner violence perpetrators based on alcohol consumption. Alcohol 70 61\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alcohol.2018.01.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2018.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walling S. M. Meehan J. C. Marshall A. D. Holtzworth-Munroe A. Taft C. T. (2012). The relationship of intimate partner aggression to head injury executive functioning and intelligence. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 38(3) 471\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1752-0606.2011.00226.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-0606.2011.00226.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watkins E. R. Roberts H. (2020). Reflecting on rumination: Consequences causes mechanisms and treatment of rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy 127 103573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103573"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weber T. Bouman Y. H. (2020). Intimate partner violence: Variations in perpetrators and treatment allocation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35(3\u20134) 1012\u20131034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260517692994","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517692994"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_1","volume-title":"WMS-III: Wechsler Memory Scale Administration and Scoring Manual","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wechsler D. (1997). WMS-III: Wechsler Memory Scale Administration and Scoring Manual. Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Frontal lobe deficits in domestic violence offenders","volume":"125","author":"Westby M. D.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Westby M. D., Ferraro F. R. (1999). Frontal lobe deficits in domestic violence offenders. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 125, 71.","journal-title":"Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_1","volume-title":"Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018: Global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2021). Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018: Global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women. World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiu L. Zhou R. Jiang Y. (2016). Working memory training improves emotion regulation ability: Evidence from HRV. Physiology & Behavior 155 25\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.12.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang Z. Hong S. Liu F. Su Y. (2020). A meta-analysis of the relationship between empathy and executive function. PsyCh Journal 9(1) 34\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pchj.311","DOI":"10.1002\/pchj.311"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605251347911","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605251347911","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605251347911","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T05:15:40Z","timestamp":1782105340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605251347911"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13-14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605251347911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605251347911","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]}}}