{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:51:36Z","timestamp":1791568296133,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"21-22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MD012252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MD012252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08DA045575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08DA045575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sexual minority adolescents (SMAs) are at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes (e.g., posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms, suicidal ideation) compared to heterosexual adolescents. Most research has focused on the relationship between minority stress (e.g., discrimination) and mental health among SMAs. However, the extent to which minority stress and other forms of victimization, including sexual victimization, simultaneously influence SMAs\u2019 mental health is understudied. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine the relative and interactive effects of minority stress and sexual victimization on changes in mental health over 6 months among SMAs. The analytic sample included 967 SMA ages 14 to 17 (68.15% cisgender girls, 57.91% non-Latinx White) who completed online surveys at 2 time points as part of a longitudinal study. Bivariate correlations indicated positive associations between minority stress and sexual victimization at baseline and each mental health outcome at baseline and 6-month follow-up. When minority stress and sexual victimization at baseline were included as simultaneous predictors of each mental health outcome at 6-month follow-up (controlling for each mental health outcome at baseline), minority stress was significantly associated with increases in posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression symptoms, and suicidal ideation. In contrast, sexual victimization and the interaction between minority stress and sexual victimization were not significant. These findings provide longitudinal support for the role of minority stress in the mental health of SMAs, highlighting the need for interventions that target minority stress to improve mental health. Given that sexual victimization was not significantly associated with mental health after accounting for minority stress, additional research is needed to better understand the relative influences of minority stress and sexual victimization on the mental health of SMAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251363622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T03:18:46Z","timestamp":1756351126000},"page":"8580-8601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Longitudinal Test of the Relative and Interactive Effects of Minority Stress and Sexual Victimization on Mental Health Among Sexual Minority Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4787-7171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Katz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan R.","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alaska Anchorage, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheree M.","family":"Schrager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4355-046X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy T.","family":"Goldbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1360-9320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian A.","family":"Feinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida J. Johnson R.M. Corliss H.L. Molnar B. E. Azrael D. (2009). Emotional distress among LGBT youth: The influence of perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 38(7) 1001\u20131014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-009-9397-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-009-9397-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-023-01420-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9901-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","author":"Cohen J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cohen J., Mannarino A., Wilson K., Zinny A. (2018). Implementing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for LGBTQ youth and their caregivers.","journal-title":"Implementing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for LGBTQ youth and their caregivers"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2021.0106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104720"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19361653.2019.1586615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellis \u00c9 Tate A. (2022). Is trauma exposure more harmful for sexual minority youth? Differences in trauma-suicide associations in a nationally representative sample of U.S. youth and implications for suicide prevention. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma 16(2) 173\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40653022-00475-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-022-00475-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.367"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedman M. S. Marshal M. P. Guadamuz T. E. Wei C. Wong C. F. Saewyc E. M. Stall R. (2011). A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse parental physical abuse and peer victimization among sexual minority and sexual nonminority individuals. American Journal of Public Health 101(8) 1481\u20131494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.190009","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.190009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilmore A. K. Leone R. M. Oesterle D. Davis K. C. Orchowski L. M. Ramakrishnan V. Kaysen D. (2022). Web-based alcohol and sexual assault prevention program with tailored content based on gender and sexual orientation: Preliminary outcomes and usability of positive change (+Change). JMIR Formative Research 6(7) e23823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/23823","DOI":"10.2196\/23823"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2016.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldbach J. T. Rhoades H. Mamey M. R. Senese J. Karys P. Marsiglia F. F. (2021). Reducing behavioral health symptoms by addressing minority stressors in LGBTQ adolescents: A randomized controlled trial of Proud & Empowered. BMC Public Health 21 2315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12357-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12357-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldbach J. T. Rhoades H. Rusow J. Karys P. (2023). The development of proud & empowered: An intervention for promoting LGBTQ adolescent mental health. Child Psychiatry & Human Development 54(2) 481\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-021-01250-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-021-01250-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldbach J. T. Schrager S. M. Mamey M. R. (2017). Criterion and divergent validation of the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory. Frontiers in Psychology 8 2057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02057","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2017.1317467"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","unstructured":"Harris K. M. Halpern C. T. Whitsel E. Hussey J. (2009). The National longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health. Research Design. http:\/\/www.cpc.unc.edu\/projects\/addhealth\/design"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haas A. P. Eliason M. Mays V. M. Mathy R. M. Cochran S. D. D\u2019Augelli A. R. Silverman M. M. Fisher P. W. Hughes T. Rosario M. Russell S. T. Malley E. Reed J. Litts D. A. Haller E. Sell R. L. Remafedi G. Bradford J. Clayton P. J. (2010). Suicide and suicide risk in lesbian gay bisexual and transgender populations: Review and recommendations. Journal of Homosexuality 58(1) 10\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00918369.2011.534038","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2011.534038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heck N. C. (2015). The potential to promote resilience: Piloting a minority stress-informed GSA-based mental health promotion program for LGBTQ youth. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 2(3) 225\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/sgd0000110","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lang A. J. Wilkins K. Roy-Byrne P. P. Golinelli D. Chavira D. Sherbourne C. Rose R. D. Bystritsky A. Sullivan G. Craske M. G. Stein M. B. (2012). Abbreviated PTSD Checklist (PCL) as a guide to clinical response. General Hospital Psychiatry 34(4) 332\u2013338. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2012.02.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2012.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li G. Kung K. T. F. Hines M. (2017). Childhood gender-typed behavior and adolescent sexual orientation: A longitudinal population-based study. Developmental Psychology 53(4):764\u2013777. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/dev0000281","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000281"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867417713664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.11.1869"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164493053004024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer I. H. (2003). Prejudice social stress and mental health in lesbian gay and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin 129(5) 674\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-011-9745-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302976"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","author":"Payne E.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Payne E., Smith M. J. (2016). Gender policing in critical concepts in queer studies and education. Palgrave Macmillan US.","journal-title":"Gender policing in critical concepts in queer studies and education"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-77215-3_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","author":"R Core Team","year":"2025","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2025). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing,.","journal-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","unstructured":"Revelle W. (2023). psych: Procedures for Psychological Psychometric and Personality Research. Northwestern University Evanston Illinois. R package version 2.3.6. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=psych"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saewyc E. Skay C. Richens K. Reis E. Poon C. Murphy A. (2006). Sexual orientation sexual abuse and HIV-risk behaviors among adolescents in the Pacific Northwest. American Journal of Public Health 96(6) 1104\u20131110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2005.065870.","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.065870"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schrager S. M. Goldbach J. T. Mamey M. R. (2018). Development of the sexual minority adolescent stress inventory. Frontiers in Psychology 9 319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00319","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00319"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schrager S. M. Mamey M. R. Rhoades H. Goldbach J. T. (2022). Adolescent stress experiences over time study (ASETS) protocol: Design and methods of a prospective longitudinal study of sexual minority adolescents in the USA. BMJ Open 12(3) e054792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054792","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054792"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semlyen J. King M. Varney J. Hagger-Johnson G. (2016). Sexual orientation and symptoms of common mental disorder or low wellbeing: combined meta-analysis of 12 UK population health surveys. BMC Psychiatry 16 67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-016-0767-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0767-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoddard J. P. Dibble S. L. Fineman N. (2009). Sexual and physical abuse: A comparison between lesbians and their heterosexual sisters. Journal of Homosexuality 56(4) 407\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00918360902821395","DOI":"10.1080\/00918360902821395"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teasdale B. Bradley-Engen M. S. (2010). Adolescent same-sex attraction and mental health: The role of stress and support. Journal of Homosexuality 57(2) 287\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00918360903489127","DOI":"10.1080\/00918360903489127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","unstructured":"The Trevor Project. (2023). 2022 National survey on LGBTQ youth mental health. The Trevor Project. https:\/\/www.thetrevorproject.org\/survey-2023\/assets\/static\/trevor01_2022survey_final.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turpin R. E. Rosario A. Wang M. Q. (2020). Victimization depression and the suicide cascade in sexual minority youth. Journal of Mental Health 29(2) 225\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638237.2020.1739250","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2020.1739250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19419899.2022.2106147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-021-01033-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-005-7264-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","unstructured":"YRBS CDC. (2010). Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. www.cdc.gov\/yrbs"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605251363622","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605251363622","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605251363622","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:05:36Z","timestamp":1791565536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605251363622"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21-22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605251363622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605251363622","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]}}}