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Our study aimed to investigate the salivary oxytocin response to others\u2019 suffering, based on the type of conviction for IPVAW (psychological or physical), risk of recidivism, and sexist schemas. The final sample consisted of 31 men convicted of IPVAW (13 for psychological and 18 for physical violence) and 33 men without a criminal history. Psychological tests were completed, and salivary oxytocin samples were collected before and after a violence-focused empathy induction task. Physical perpetrators of IPVAW exhibited a decreasing trend in salivary oxytocin levels in response to the empathic task, whereas psychological perpetrators and non-offenders showed an increase. Linear regression indicated that lower levels of salivary oxytocin were predicted by a higher risk of recidivism, benevolent sexism, and convictions for physical IPVAW. This preliminary study suggests that the oxytocin response to empathy in perpetrators of IPVAW depends on several criminological and psychological variables. These results could help implement more efficient intervention programs tailored to the characteristics of perpetrators, ultimately enhancing their effectiveness and reducing the risk of recidivism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251387722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T04:25:42Z","timestamp":1764476742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oxytocin Levels in Response to Others\u2019 Suffering According to the Type of Conviction for Intimate Partner Violence Against Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7812-8598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agar","family":"Mar\u00edn-Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain"},{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0208-8205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Comes-Fayos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, alencian International University, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia","family":"Riveros Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Facultad de Medicina Cl\u00ednica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0522-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisol","family":"Lila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5922-0265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Romero-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Moya-Albiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali P. 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