{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:40:50Z","timestamp":1777855250613,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["179437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["179437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"canada research chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-00158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-00158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Women and gender-diverse people with disabilities are at an elevated risk of gender-based violence (GBV). This study examines how women and gender-diverse people with disabilities experience GBV and how such experiences impact their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) across the life course. We conducted a community-engaged qualitative study from 2022 to 2023 with women and gender-diverse people with disabilities aged 18\u2009years and older living in Canada. Using an inductive thematic approach, we analyzed 26 semi-structured interviews about experiences of GBV and SRH across the life course, including childhood, the reproductive years, and older adulthood. Disability and GBV intersected over time: GBV experienced earlier in life caused mental health disabilities that impacted subsequent life course stages. Ableism meant participants were targets of violence and made disclosure more difficult. GBV experiences impacted SRH by (a) causing new SRH concerns (e.g., unintended pregnancies and forced abortions); (b) amplifying existing SRH concerns (e.g., endometriosis); (c) influencing reproductive decision-making (e.g., contraception and sterilization); (d) shaping sexual practices and relationships (e.g., engagement in high-risk sexual behaviors and intimacy); and (e) changing interactions with SRH services (e.g., painful pelvic exams). Characteristics of services (e.g., availability of disability-related accommodations) also affected disclosure and trust. These findings highlight the long-lasting impacts of GBV on SRH among women and gender-diverse people with disabilities. There is a need for provider education on disability and GBV, and trauma-informed and disability-affirming SRH services developed and implemented in collaboration with people with lived experiences of disability and GBV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251396811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:46:55Z","timestamp":1765370815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender-Based Violence Among People With Disabilities: Qualitative Insights on Sexual and Reproductive Health Impacts Across the Life Course"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7150-6485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyara J.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health &amp; Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nkem","family":"Ogbonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health &amp; Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keat","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health &amp; Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Rego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health &amp; Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4851-1104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janice","family":"Du Mont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Women\u2019s College Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8690-5841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary K.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Health &amp; Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Addlakha R. Price J. Heidari S. (2017). Disability and sexuality: Claiming sexual and reproductive rights. Reproductive Health Matters 25(50) 4\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09688080.2017.1336375","DOI":"10.1080\/09688080.2017.1336375"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhusen J. L. Bloom T. Anderson J. Hughes R. B. (2020). Intimate partner violence reproductive coercion and unintended pregnancy in women with disabilities. Disability and Health Journal 13(2) Article 100849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2019.100849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2019.100849"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhusen J. L. Lyons G. Laughon K. Hughes R. B. (2023). Intimate partner violence during the perinatal period by disability status: Findings from a United States population-based analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 79(4) 1493\u20131502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.15340","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15340"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amborski A. M. Bussi\u00e8res E. L. Vaillancourt-Morel M. P. Joyal C. C. (2022). Sexual violence against persons with disabilities: A meta-analysis. Trauma Violence & Abuse 23(4) 1330\u20131343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838021995975","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838021995975"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrews E. E. Powell R. M. Ayers K. (2022). The evolution of disability language: Choosing terms to describe disability. Disability and Health Journal 15(3) Article 101328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2022.101328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2022.101328"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anyango C. Goicolea I. Namatovu F. (2023). Women with disabilities\u2019 experiences of intimate partner violence: A qualitative study from Sweden. BMC Women\u2019s Health 23 381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02524-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02524-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badakhshiyan S. S. Naghavi A. Jazayeri R. A. (2024). Systematic review overview: Violence against adults with disabilities. Trauma Violence & Abuse 25(5) 3504\u20133514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380241253034","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241253034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballan M. S. Freyer M. B. (2017). Supporting female survivors of intimate partner violence with disabilities: Recommendations for social workers in the emergency department. Social Work in Health Care 56(10) 950\u2013963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00981389.2017.1371099","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2017.1371099"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrett K. A. O\u2019Day B. Roche A. Carlson B. L. (2009). Intimate partner violence health status and health care access among women with disabilities. Women\u2019s Health Issues 19(2) 94\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.whi.2008.10.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2008.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","unstructured":"Berg B. L. (2001). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Allyn & Bacon. http:\/\/nuir.nkumbauniversity.ac.ug\/xmlui\/handle\/20.500.12383\/1415"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Besoain-Salda\u00f1a A. Bustamante-Bravo J. Rebolledo Sanhueza J. Montt-Maray E. (2023). Experiences barriers and facilitators to sexual and reproductive health care access of people with sensory impairments: A scoping review. Sexuality and Disability 41(2) 411\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11195-023-09778-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s11195-023-09778-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.44877"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birks Y. Harrison R. Bosanquet K. Hall J. Harden M. Entwistle V. Watt I. Walsh P. Ronaldson S. Roberts D. Adamson J. Wright J. Iedema R. (2014). Detailed statement for reflexivity. In An exploration of the implementation of open disclosure of adverse events in the UK: a scoping review and qualitative exploration. NIHR Journals Library. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK259820\/","DOI":"10.3310\/hsdr02200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bockting W. (2014). The impact of stigma on transgender identity development and mental health. In Kreukels B. P. C. Steensma T. D. de Vries A. L. C. (Eds.) Gender dysphoria and disorders of sex development: Progress in care and knowledge (pp. 319\u2013330). Springer US. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-7441-8_16","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7441-8_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowen E. Swift C. (2019). The prevalence and correlates of partner violence used and experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review and call to action. Trauma Violence & Abuse 20(5) 693\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838017728707","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838017728707"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradbury-Jones C. Breckenridge J. P. Devaney J. Duncan F. Kroll T. Lazenbatt A. Taylor J. (2015). Priorities and strategies for improving disabled women\u2019s access to maternity services when they are affected by domestic abuse: A multi-method study using concept maps. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 15(1) 350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-015-0786-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0786-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradford J. Reisner S. L. Honnold J. A. Xavier J. (2013). Experiences of transgender-related discrimination and implications for health: Results from the Virginia transgender health initiative study. American Journal of Public Health 103(10) 1820\u20131829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300796","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300796"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","unstructured":"Braun V. Clarke V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publications Ltd. https:\/\/us.sagepub.com\/en-us\/nam\/thematic-analysis\/book248481"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brennand E. A. Santinele Martino A. (2022). Disability is associated with sexually transmitted infection: Severity and female sex are important risk factors. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 31(1) 91\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/cjhs.2021-0053","DOI":"10.3138\/cjhs.2021-0053"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brinkman A. H. Rea-Sandin G. Lund E. M. Fitzpatrick O. M. Gusman M. S. Boness C. L. (2023). Shifting the discourse on disability: Moving to an inclusive intersectional focus. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 93(1) 50\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ort0000653","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000653"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown H. K. Saha S. Chan T. C. Y. Cheung A. M. Fralick M. Ghassemi M. Herridge M. Kwan J. Rawal S. Rosella L. Tang T. Weinerman A. Lunsky Y. Razak F. Verma A. A. (2022). Outcomes in patients with and without disability admitted to hospital with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study. CMAJ 194(4) E112\u2013E121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.211277","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.211277"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown H. K. Saunders N. Chen S. Leslie K. Vigod S. N. Fung K. Guttmann A. Havercamp S. M. Parish S. L. Ray J. G. Lunsky Y. (2022). Disability and interpersonal violence in the perinatal period. Obstetrics and Gynecology 140(5) 797\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004950","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004950"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cadman L. Waller J. Ashdown-Barr L. Szarewski A. (2012). Barriers to cervical screening in women who have experienced sexual abuse: An exploratory study. The Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 38(4) 214\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jfprhc-2012-100378","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc-2012-100378"},{"issue":"683","key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","first-page":"684","article-title":"Centering disability justice","volume":"71","author":"Chin N. M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chin N. M. (2021). Centering disability justice. Syracuse Law Review, 71(683), 684\u2013749.","journal-title":"Syracuse Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coleman J. N. Arthur S. S. Shelby R. A. (2024). Psychological distress and pain related to gynecologic exams among female survivors of sexual and physical violence: A systematic review. Journal of Traumatic Stress 37(2) 217\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.23006","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.23006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","volume-title":"Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches","author":"Creswell J. W.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Creswell J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dembo R. S. Mitra M. McKee M. (2018). The psychological consequences of violence against people with disabilities. Disability and Health Journal 11(3) 390\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2018.01.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2018.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez-Mart\u00ednez T. Rebeca R. G. Fres\u00e1n A. Cruz J. Vega H. Reed G. M. (2023). Risk factors for violence in transgender people: A retrospective study of experiences during adolescence. Psychology & Sexuality 14(4) 659\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19419899.2020.1802772","DOI":"10.1080\/19419899.2020.1802772"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eliacin J. Burgess D. Rollins A. L. Patterson S. Damush T. Bair M. J. Salyers M. P. Spoont M. Chinman M. Slaven J. E. Matthias M. S. (2023). Outcomes of a peer-led navigation program PARTNER-MH for racially minoritized Veterans receiving mental health services: A pilot randomized controlled trial to assess feasibility and acceptability. Translational Behavioral Medicine 13(9) 710\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tbm\/ibad027","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibad027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","unstructured":"European Commission. (n.d.). What is gender-based violence? Retrieved August 22 2024 from https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/strategy-and-policy\/policies\/justice-and-fundamental-rights\/gender-equality\/gender-based-violence\/what-gender-based-violence_en"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang Z. Cerna-Turoff I. Zhang C. Lu M. Lachman J. M. Barlow J. (2022). Global estimates of violence against children with disabilities: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 6(5) 313\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00033-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00033-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frawley P. Wilson N. J. (2016). Young people with intellectual disability talking about sexuality education and information. Sexuality and Disability 34 469\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11195-016-9460-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s11195-016-9460-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fraz\u00e3o S. L. Silva M. S. Norton P. Magalh\u00e3es T. (2014). Domestic violence against elderly with disability. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 28 19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2014.09.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2014.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Cu\u00e9llar M. M. Pastor-Moreno G. Ruiz-P\u00e9rez I. Henares-Montiel J. (2023). The prevalence of intimate partner violence against women with disabilities: A systematic review of the literature. Disability and Rehabilitation 45(1) 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638288.2022.2025927","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2025927"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101161"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassam T. Kelso E. Chowdary P. Yisma E. Mol B. W. Han A. (2020). Sexual assault as a risk factor for gynaecological morbidity: An exploratory systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 255 222\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.10.038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","unstructured":"Hasstedt K. Rowan A. (2016 June 30). Understanding intimate partner violence as a sexual and reproductive health and rights issue in the United States. Guttmacher Institute. https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/gpr\/2016\/07\/understanding-intimate-partner-violence-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-issue"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houck E. J. Dracobly J. D. (2023). Trauma-informed care for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: From disparity to policies for effective action. Perspectives on Behavior Science 46(1) 67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40614-022-00359-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s40614-022-00359-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hughes K. Bellis M. A. Jones L. Wood S. Bates G. Eckley L. McCoy E. Mikton C. Shakespeare T. Officer A. (2012). Prevalence and risk of violence against adults with disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. The Lancet 379(9826) 1621\u20131629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61851-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61851-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hughes R. B. Robinson-Whelen S. Raymaker D. Lund E. M. Oschwald M. Katz M. Starr A. Ashkenazy E. Powers L. E. Nicolaidis C. & Partnering with People with Disabilities to Address Violence Consortium. (2019). The relation of abuse to physical and psychological health in adults with developmental disabilities. Disability and Health Journal 12(2) 227\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2018.09.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2018.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones C. Taylor J. (2018). Disclosure of abuse by disabled children: An emergent international model of telling listening and acting. In Shah S. Bradbury-Jones C. (Eds.) Disability gender and violence over the life course (pp. 30\u201349). Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315111452-3","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315111452-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2979\/6841.0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karakurt G. Whiting K. Jones S. E. Lowe M. J. Rao S. M. (2021). Brain injury and mental health among the victims of intimate partner violence: A case-series exploratory study. Frontiers in Psychology 12 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.710602","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.710602"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim B. Royle M. (2024). Domestic violence in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: A synthesis of systematic reviews. Trauma Violence & Abuse 25(1) 476\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380231155530","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231155530"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laughon K. Hughes R. B. Lyons G. Roarty K. Alhusen J. (2025). Disability-related disparities in screening for intimate partner violence during the perinatal period: A population-based study. Women\u2019s Health Issues 35(2) 97\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.whi.2024.12.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2024.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lundy M. Grossman S. F. (2009). Domestic violence service users: A comparison of older and younger women victims. Journal of Family Violence 24(5) 297\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10896-009-9230-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-009-9230-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2023.101478"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mays J. M. (2006). Feminist disability theory: Domestic violence against women with a disability. Disability & Society 21(2) 147\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09687590500498077","DOI":"10.1080\/09687590500498077"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McBride-Henry K. Nazari Orakani S. Good G. Roguski M. Officer T. N. (2023). Disabled people\u2019s experiences accessing healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. BMC Health Services Research 23(1) 346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-023-09336-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09336-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLindon E. Kyei-Onanjiri M. Hegarty K. (2023). The influence of gender-based violence across the life course. In Mishra G. Hardy R. Kuh D. (Eds.) A life course approach to women\u2019s health (pp. 343\u2013356) (p. 0). Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780192864642.003.0020","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192864642.003.0020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","unstructured":"Mingus M. (2017 April 12). Access intimacy interdependence and disability justice. Leaving Evidence. https:\/\/leavingevidence.wordpress.com\/2017\/04\/12\/access-intimacy-interdependence-and-disability-justice\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montesanti S. R. (2015). The role of structural and interpersonal violence in the lives of women: A conceptual shift in prevention of gender-based violence. BMC Women\u2019s Health 15(1) 93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-015-0247-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-015-0247-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musa A. Chojenta C. Geleto A. Loxton D. (2019). The associations between intimate partner violence and maternal health care service utilization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Women\u2019s Health 19(1) 36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-019-0735-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0735-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neath J. (1997). Social causes of impairment disability and abuse: A feminist perspective. Journal of Disability Policy Studies 8(1\u20132) 195\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/104420739700800210","DOI":"10.1177\/104420739700800210"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien B. C. Harris I. B. Beckman T. J. Reed D. A. Cook D. A. (2014). Standards for reporting qualitative research: A synthesis of recommendations. Academic Medicine 89(9) 1245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000388","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000388"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pastor-Moreno G. Ruiz-P\u00e9rez I. Henares-Montiel J. Escrib\u00e0-Ag\u00fcir V. Higueras-Callej\u00f3n C. Ricci-Cabello I. (2020). Intimate partner violence and perinatal health: A systematic review. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 127(5) 537\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.16084","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16084"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogers M. M. Ali P. Thompson J. Ifayomi M. (2023). \u201cSurvive learn to live with it . . . or not\u201d: A narrative analysis of women\u2019s repeat victimization using a lifecourse perspective. Social Science & Medicine 338 Article 116338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116338"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rowsell A. C. Clare I. C. H. Murphy G. H. (2013). The psychological impact of abuse on men and women with severe intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 26(4) 257\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jar.12016","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","volume-title":"The coding manual for qualitative researchers","author":"Saldana J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saldana J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanz-Barbero B. Bar\u00f3n N. Vives-Cases C. (2019). Prevalence associated factors and health impact of intimate partner violence against women in different life stages. PLoS ONE 14(10) Article e0221049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221049","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221049"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saunders B. Sim J. Kingstone T. Baker S. Waterfield J. Bartlam B. Burroughs H. Jinks C. (2018). Saturation in qualitative research: Exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Quality & Quantity 52(4) 1893\u20131907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","volume-title":"Black disability politics","author":"Schalk S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schalk S. (2022). Black disability politics. Duke University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scherer H. L. Snyder J. A. Fisher B. S. (2016). Intimate partner victimization among college students with and without disabilities: Prevalence of and relationship to emotional well-being. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 31(1) 49\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260514555126","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514555126"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah S. Tsitsou L. Woodin S. (2016). \u201cI can\u2019t forget\u201d: Experiences of violence and disclosure in the childhoods of disabled women. Childhood 23(4) 521\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0907568215626781","DOI":"10.1177\/0907568215626781"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shakespeare T. (2006). Disability rights and wrongs. Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203640098","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203640098"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharratt K. Mason S. J. Kirkman G. Willmott D. McDermott D. Timmins S. Wager N. M. (2023). Childhood abuse and neglect exposure to domestic violence and sibling violence: Profiles and associations with sociodemographic variables and mental health indicators. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 38(1\u20132) 1141\u20131162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605221090562","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221090562"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shelton S. Z. (2020). Integrating crip theory and disability justice into feminist anti-violence education. Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 9(5) Article 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15353\/cjds.v9i5.704","DOI":"10.15353\/cjds.v9i5.704"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_1","volume-title":"Skin, tooth, and bone: The basis of movement is our people: A disability justice primer","author":"Sins Invalid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sins Invalid. (2019). Skin, tooth, and bone: The basis of movement is our people: A disability justice primer. Sins Invalid."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0008-3658.2003.00035.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slothouber V. Oliver T. Leo S. Lindsay S. (2025). A scoping review of the lived experiences of gender diverse children and youth with disabilities. International Journal of Transgender Health 1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15532739.2025.2464229","DOI":"10.1080\/15532739.2025.2464229"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spivakovsky C. Steele L. R. (2022). Disability law in a pandemic: The temporal folds of medico-legal violence. Social & Legal Studies 31(2) 175\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09646639211022795","DOI":"10.1177\/09646639211022795"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stieglitz K. A. (2010). Development risk and resilience of transgender youth. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 21(3) 192\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jana.2009.08.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2009.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson V. R. Stancliffe R. J. Broom A. Wilson N. J. (2014). Barriers to sexual health provision for people with intellectual disability: A disability service provider and clinician perspective. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability 39(2) 137\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13668250.2014.898742","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2014.898742"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization [WHO]. (2020a). COVID-19 and violence against women. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/331699\/WHO-SRH-20.04-eng.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization [WHO]. (2020b). Violence health and sustainable development: Fact sheet on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Health targets. https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-EURO-2020-2368-42123-58045"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605251396811","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605251396811","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605251396811","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:20:05Z","timestamp":1777504805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605251396811"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605251396811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605251396811","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"article-number":"08862605251396811"}}