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Using household fixed effects and instrumental variable approaches, we examine how various dimensions of maternal GBVD, including feeling unsafe at home, gender-based and sexual orientation discrimination, and unsafe community environments, affect children\u2019s expression behaviors, social competence, and functional learning difficulties. Our results show that exposure to maternal GBVD is significantly associated with poorer socioemotional outcomes across all dimensions, with the strongest effects observed for children of mothers who report discrimination related to gender identity or sexual orientation. Mechanism analysis reveals that maternal well-being, harsh parenting practices, and reduced cognitive caregiving mediate these effects. Importantly, we find that mothers with higher education levels and greater access to media are more resilient, providing protective buffers that mitigate the negative impact of GBVD on their children. These findings underscore the long-term developmental risks associated with interpersonal violence and highlight the need for integrated policy interventions that combine violence prevention with support for maternal empowerment and child development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>JEL codes<\/jats:bold>\n                    : I14, J13, J16\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251404920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T11:35:57Z","timestamp":1767094557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Influence of Parental Gender-Based Violence and Discrimination on Children\u2019s Socioemotional Development: Evidence From Low- and Middle-Income Countries"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5407-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tung","family":"Bui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5044-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dao","family":"Le-Van","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ackerson L. 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