{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:39:35Z","timestamp":1777855175538,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Government\u2019s Department for International Development"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/X004090\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/X004090\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Men\u2019s poor mental health is increasingly recognised as a causal factor for their perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV); however, the majority of studies are from high-income countries and cross-sectional. We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a randomised controlled trial, among young (ages 18\u201330\u2009years) men, living in urban informal settlements in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa, to assess whether: (a) changes in depression symptoms, and (b) changes in post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, were prospectively associated with IPV perpetration, after 2-years of follow-up. Among\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009505 men retained at endline, for depressive symptoms in adjusted models, men with consistently high symptoms (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] =\u20092.02,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.002) and those with increasing symptoms (aOR\u2009=\u20092.80,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) between the two time points were significantly more likely to report IPV perpetration at endline. Similarly, for PTS symptoms, those whose symptoms increased between the two time points were significantly more likely to perpetrate IPV (aOR\u2009=\u20091.95,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.05). However, neither decrease in depressive symptoms nor in PTS symptoms between the two time points was associated with a significant reduction in IPV perpetration. This analysis suggests that interventions to reduce IPV perpetration should include a focus on preventing the onset of symptoms of poor mental health. It may be that alcohol is also intervening in this relationship, and this requires further research. The original clinical trial was pre-registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03022370:\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03022370\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03022370<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251408126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T12:24:22Z","timestamp":1768998262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Prospective Analysis of Associations Between Changes in Mental Health and Men\u2019s Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence: Post-Hoc Analysis of Young Men Involved in the Stepping Stones and Creating Futures Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2812-5377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter, UK"},{"name":"Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa"},{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Smanga","family":"Mkhwanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7236-0329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sivuyile","family":"Khaula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Project Empower, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Washington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Project Empower, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yandisa","family":"Sikweyiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa"},{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"},{"name":"University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","volume-title":"The COURRAGE to hope: Exploring the feasibility and impact of collective narrative therapy and social interventions as treatment for trauma and depression in complex settings","author":"Burgess R.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Burgess R. (2020). The COURRAGE to hope: Exploring the feasibility and impact of collective narrative therapy and social interventions as treatment for trauma and depression in complex settings. Centre for Public Mental Health Seminar series, UCT."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103140"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70074-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221084738"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2020.1739845"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2016.1214281"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibbs A. Washington L. Abdelatif N. Chirwa E. Willan S. Shai N. Sikweyiya Y. Mkhwanazi S. Ntini N. Jewkes R. (2020). Stepping stones and creating futures intervention to prevent intimate partner violence among young people: Cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of Adolescent Health 66 323\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.10.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","article-title":"Combining a guided self-help and brief alcohol intervention to improve mental health and reduce substance use among refugee men in Uganda: A cluster-randomized feasibility trial","volume":"11","author":"Greene M. C.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Greene M. C., Andersen L. S., Leku M. R., Au T., Akellot J., Upadhaya N., Odokonyero R., White R., Ventevogel P., Garcia-Moreno C. (2024). Combining a guided self-help and brief alcohol intervention to improve mental health and reduce substance use among refugee men in Uganda: A cluster-randomized feasibility trial. 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