{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:08:40Z","timestamp":1789456120212,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"19-20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sexual violence (SV) against children and youth is a global problem. Minimal evidence exists on how contextual factors, such as those at the community or societal levels, influence the prevalence of SV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data from the Violence against Children and Youth Surveys in Cambodia, Colombia, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, El Salvador, Kenya, Mozambique, and Nigeria (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>male<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20099,245;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>female<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200910,022) were merged with the Out of the Shadows Index (OOSI), a global index of national child protection efforts developed by Economist Impact. Age- and sex-stratified sequential fixed effects random intercepts models assessed associations between cluster-level community-aggregated attitudes and OOSI indicators with forced sexual initiation (FSI), lifetime non-consensual sexual touching (NCST), and lifetime SV. We found that aggregated harmful attitudes about women and men at the community-level were associated with FSI among females (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)\u2009=\u20094.43,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=&lt;\u2009.001), and NCST (aOR\u2009=\u20092.86,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and SV (aOR\u2009=\u20092.70,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) among males. Aggregated community attitudes supportive of intimate partner violence were significantly associated with lifetime SV among females (aOR\u2009=\u20092.09,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and males (aOR\u2009=\u20093.16,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and NCST (aOR\u2009=\u20093.10,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) among males. The OOSI legal indicator was associated with lower prevalence of NCST (aOR\u2009=\u20090.94,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=&lt;\u2009.001) and SV (aOR\u2009=\u20090.94,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=&lt;\u2009.001) among males, and NCST among females aged 13 to 17\u2009years (aOR\u2009=\u20090.96,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.009). Community attitudes are associated with youth experiences of SV, and protective national legislation is associated with a lower risk of youth experiencing SV in LMICs. National policies and programs that alter these factors have the potential to help prevent SV among children and youth.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605261444006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:24:15Z","timestamp":1780482255000},"page":"7816-7844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross-Sectional Analysis of Contextual Factors Associated With Sexual Violence Against Children and Youth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4126-7556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie Spaid","family":"Miedema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centers for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muloongo","family":"Simuzingili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centers for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis B.","family":"Annor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centers for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0077-3406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economist Impact, Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7068-3018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Araceli","family":"Irurzun P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economist Impact, Northern Ireland"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regine","family":"Haard\u00f6rfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economist Impact, Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3813-9839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greta M.","family":"Massetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centers for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abramsky T. 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