{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:09:31Z","timestamp":1789456171597,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"19-20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N001040-01-C-N662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N001040-01-C-N662"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00600-96-C3145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00600-96-C3145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Children\u2019s exposure to violence is a significant public health issue associated with heightened trauma symptoms. Children exposed to multiple types of violence may develop beliefs that there is something about them or their actions to blame for their experiences, which in turn increases distress. We examined how the number of violence exposures and self-blame related to trauma symptoms among children referred to the United States Navy\u2019s Family Advocacy Program for family violence. Participants were recruited as part of a larger study on families reported to the Family Advocacy Program due to allegations of child physical abuse (48%), sexual abuse (20%), or intimate partner violence (32%). Children (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009195) were 63% female and aged 7 to 17\u2009years old (Mean age\u2009=\u200912.17). We investigated the relation between child self-reports of violence exposure and self-blame within 2 to 6\u2009weeks of the referral and trauma symptoms reported by children and a non-offending caregiver 9 to 12\u2009months later. The number of violence exposures (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">b<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.93,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and self-blame (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">b<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.22,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) predicted higher levels of child-reported trauma symptoms. Self-blame mediated the association between the number of violence exposures and child-reported trauma symptoms, indirect effect\u2009=\u20090.70, 95% Confidence interval [0.18, 1.22]. These effects did not emerge for caregiver reports. Results highlight the importance of broad assessments of violence and self-blame among children referred for family violence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605261449186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T06:18:57Z","timestamp":1779862737000},"page":"7384-7404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trauma Symptoms and Self-Blame Among Children in Military Families Exposed to Violence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4048-5682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Rancher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6362-0720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rochelle F.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3918-5327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Sitton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellesley College, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin E.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4727-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aaron M. 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