{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:13:58Z","timestamp":1786122838237,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nearly one-third of ever-married Indian women experienced spousal violence at some point in their lives, with the highest proportion reporting physical violence. Couple-focused research, rather than individual-level analysis, can better capture the dynamics of attitudes toward violence within families, an area still underexplored in the Indian context. This study, using a dyadic approach, assesses the association between spousal concordance and discordance in attitude toward wife-beating and the experience of spousal physical violence among married women in India. Bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression were performed on data from 44,933 couples covered in the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019\u201321). An informed consent procedure was followed, and only those who voluntarily consented were interviewed. The odds of experiencing spousal physical violence was highest (Adjusted odds ratios [AOR]\u2009=\u20092.02, confidence interval [CI] [1.98, 2.07]) when both spouses had concordance in justifying wife-beating. Among the discordant couples where only the wife justified wife-beating exhibited a higher likelihood (AOR\u2009=\u20091.92, CI [1.88, 1.96]) of spousal violence than among the couples where only the husband justified it (AOR\u2009=\u20091.20, CI [1.18, 1.23]). Couples in which both spouses had witnessed their father beating their mother in their childhood were more likely (AOR\u2009=\u20093.44, CI [3.34, 3.54]) to experience spousal physical violence. The findings indicate that concordance in spouses\u2019 justification of wife-beating is a strong predictor of spousal physical violence, with the risk being highest when both partners approve of such behavior. Policy efforts should prioritize couple-focused interventions to address shared gender norms within marriages, as acceptance of wife-beating by both partners, particularly women, is linked to higher risk of spousal physical violence. Programs should target patriarchal beliefs and entrenched gender attitudes through joint counseling, community education, and behavior-change initiatives to reduce the social acceptance of wife-beating and strengthen gender equity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605261451860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T12:46:10Z","timestamp":1780577170000},"page":"6962-6985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spousal Concordance\u2013Discordance in Justifying Wife Beating and Wife\u2019s Experience of Spousal Physical Violence in India"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7011-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manas Ranjan","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9000-646X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harshita","family":"Chari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","article-title":"Experience of intimate partner violence among women in sexual unions: Is supportive attitude of women towards intimate partner violence a correlate?","volume":"9","author":"Aboagye R. G.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aboagye R. G., Okyere J., Seidu A.-A., Hagan J. E.Jr., Ahinkorah B. O. (2021). Experience of intimate partner violence among women in sexual unions: Is supportive attitude of women towards intimate partner violence a correlate? Healthcare (Basel), 9(5), Article 563.","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.113738"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510390951"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503624870"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15660970412331292324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/00703370-9115955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2657298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2025.2611845"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhury S. R. Mathur K. (2021). Why do women support wife-beating more than men in India? Evidence from the National Family Health Survey (2015\u20132016). The Family Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10664807211022000","DOI":"10.1177\/10664807211022000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.045906"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513505907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2017.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516651311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhac022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539510384499"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH17090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801218766639"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-018-0551-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732310376520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1749975507082052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838009334131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-015-0404-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freeman A. J. Schumacher J. A. Coffey S. F. (2015). Social desirability and partner agreement of men\u2019s reporting of intimate partner violence in substance abuse treatment settings. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 30(4) 565\u2013579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260514535263","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514535263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecca.12168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.11.078"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-8991-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2004.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","unstructured":"Government of India Ministry of Women and Child Development. (2005). The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005. Government of India. https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/newsite\/erelcontent.aspx?relid=21508\u00ae=3&lang=2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00273-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","volume-title":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019\u201321","author":"International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) & ICF","year":"2021","unstructured":"International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) & ICF. (2021). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019\u201321. International Institute for Population Sciences."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","first-page":"855","article-title":"Wife-beating in rural India: A husband\u2019s right? Evidence from survey data","author":"Jejeebhoy S. J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jejeebhoy S. J. (1998). Wife-beating in rural India: A husband\u2019s right? Evidence from survey data. Economic and Political Weekly, 855\u2013862.","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08357-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2003.0014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-11-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.10.4.139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2024.72"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2526238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.3.560"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-089X(02)00062-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.012809.102506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0735-2751.00090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801220978794"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244016667993"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Domestic violence against women in Ghana: The attitudes of men toward wife-beating","volume":"18","author":"Osei-Tutu E. M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Osei-Tutu E. M., Ampadu E. (2017). Domestic violence against women in Ghana: The attitudes of men toward wife-beating. Journal of International Women\u2019s Studies, 18(4), 106\u2013116.","journal-title":"Journal of International Women\u2019s Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3041-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41118-016-0016-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.46.3.598"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122737"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122413480363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17782-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2015.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508322182"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-61625-4_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02664-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(97)00051-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.6.703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509340550"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2003.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","volume-title":"Pathways of global cultural diffusion: Media and attitudes about violence against women","author":"Swindle J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Swindle J. (2018). Pathways of global cultural diffusion: Media and attitudes about violence against women. Center for Open Science."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2781"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-017-9910-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514553118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167438"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.02.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027738"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/cajgh.2020.297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Violence against women in India: Is empowerment a protective factor?","volume":"43","author":"Visaria L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Visaria L. (2008). Violence against women in India: Is empowerment a protective factor? Economic and Political Weekly, 43, 60\u201366.","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838012447699"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-015-9742-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932009990423"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605261451860","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605261451860","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605261451860","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T12:26:11Z","timestamp":1786105571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605261451860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17-18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605261451860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605261451860","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]}}}