{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:09:15Z","timestamp":1789456155678,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"19-20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sexual and intimate partner violence (IPV) is more prevalent among sexual and gender minority college students than their heterosexual, cisgender peers, but few studies have specified the identities of transgressors for survivors across LGBTQA+ subgroups. This research gap limits understanding of the contexts of violence, and information on who is harming LGBTQA+ students is critical for presenting prevention efforts in ways that are inclusive of how LGBTQA+ students experience violence. To help address this gap, this study investigated variation in the gender of transgressors of sexual violence (SV) and IPV by survivors\u2019 sexual orientation and gender in a large, national sample of college students. The data come from the 2019 Campus Climate Survey by the Association of American Universities and include a sample of 23,607 SV survivors and 9,398 IPV survivors. Findings of the current study suggest that the previously identified pattern of men as the primary transgressors of SV against women and sexual minority men extends to disaggregated groups of bisexual women; asexual, queer, and questioning women; women who selected more than one identity; and every disaggregated sexual minority group of TGQN students. Among larger cell sizes than previous studies, bisexual women mostly experienced IPV from men while bisexual men mostly experienced IPV from women. Similarly, most asexual, queer, and questioning women experienced IPV from men, and most asexual, queer, and questioning men experienced IPV from women. These results could help inform programming that is inclusive of the different contexts in which LGBTQA+ college students experience SV and IPV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605261451875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T08:39:36Z","timestamp":1779957576000},"page":"7328-7356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender of Transgressors Committing Sexual and Intimate Partner Violence Against LGBTQA+ College Students"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8260-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Brachmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Binghamton University, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7227-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Ending Violence, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-024-01030-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"Bartlett T. (2014 November 18). AAU\u2019s planned sexual-assault survey draws backlash from some researchers. The Chronicle of Higher Education. https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/aaus-planned-sexual-assault-survey-draws-backlash-from-some-researchers\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827611409512"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","volume-title":"Sexual violence surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended data elements","author":"Basile K. C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Basile K. C., Smith S. G., Breiding M., Black M., Mahendra R. (2014). Sexual violence surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended data elements. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/26424"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519898439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299716.2018.1482485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519871526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2019.1707987"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"124","volume-title":"National intimate partner and sexual violence survey: 2010 summary report","author":"Black M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Black M., Basile K., Breiding M., Smith S., Walters M., Merrick M., Chen J., Stevens M. (2010). National intimate partner and sexual violence survey: 2010 summary report (p. 124). National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2023.2297544"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanco-Pardo N. Carrera-Fern\u00e1ndez M. V. Abal-Buceta S. Fern\u00e1ndez-Simo J. D. (2025). Gender-based violence within the framework of intersectionality: Co-occurrence of attitudes toward gender-based violence cisheteronormativity racism and ageism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 41(9\u201310) 2581\u20132615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605251331562","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251331562"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2020.1757681"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","volume-title":"Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of sex","author":"Butler J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Butler J. (1993). Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of sex. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838020970898"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","volume-title":"Report on the AAU campus climate survey on sexual assault and misconduct","author":"Cantor D.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cantor D., Fisher B., Chibnall S., Harps S., Townsend R., Thomas G., Lee H., Kranz V., Herbison R., Madden K. (2020). Report on the AAU campus climate survey on sexual assault and misconduct. The Association of American Universities."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016650191"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221084749"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-017-0762-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1332\/239868017X15099845241783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10612-023-09694-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9880-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514535260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517726414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fedina L. Bender A. E. Royer M. Ashwell L. Tolman R. Herrenkohl T. I. (2023). 3-Month prevalence of unwanted sexual contact victimization in a national sample of college students: Differences by race gender identity and sexual identity. https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-3682351\/latest","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3682351\/v1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","article-title":"Dating abuse and harassment among sexual and gender minority U.S. college students","volume":"10","author":"Fedina L.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fedina L., Bender A. E., Tibbits J., Herrenkohl T. I., Tolman R. (2023). Dating abuse and harassment among sexual and gender minority U.S. college students. LGBT Health, 10(S1), S79\u2013S88.","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016631129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","unstructured":"Freyd J. J. (2017). Examining denial tactics: Were victims overrepresented in the AAU survey of sexual violence on college campuses? HuffPost. https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/examining-denial-tactics-were-victims-overrepresented-in-the-aau-survey-of-sexual-violence-on-college-campuses_b_8216008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","volume-title":"UO sexual violence and institutional behavior campus survey","author":"Freyd J. J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Freyd J. J., Rosenthal M., Smith C. P. (2014). UO sexual violence and institutional behavior campus survey. University of Oregon."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101579"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2024.2371389"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2019.1577865"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516651628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517723743"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Institutional response and impact of reporting sexual violence: An examination of sexual and gender minority college students","author":"Grocott L. R.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grocott L. R., Leach N. R., Brick L. A., Meza-Lopez R., Orchowski L. M. (2021). Institutional response and impact of reporting sexual violence: An examination of sexual and gender minority college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1\u201324.","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801213490557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2019.1689378"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"LGBTQ+ adult sexual violence critical scoping review: Insights into victimization and perpetration","author":"Hindes S.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hindes S., Ison J., Fileborn B. (2025). LGBTQ+ adult sexual violence critical scoping review: Insights into victimization and perpetration. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence, & Abuse"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","volume-title":"Sexual citizens: Sex, power, and assault on campus","author":"Hirsch J. S.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hirsch J. S., Khan S. (2021). Sexual citizens: Sex, power, and assault on campus. W.W. Norton."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519883866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221089981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221111413"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","volume-title":"Campus climate survey validation study final technical report","author":"Krebs C. P.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krebs C. P., Lindquist C. H., Berzofsky M., Shook-Sa B., Peterson K. (2016). Campus climate survey validation study final technical report (Bureau of Justice Statistics Research and Development Series). Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JACH.57.6.639-649"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23294965241285469"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v41n02_04"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1521025115584750"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510383023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2137286"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/csd.2021.0058"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2018.1431914"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018756121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/704543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2017.1295014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dhe0000317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vio.2020.0029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018789153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2019.0295"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1946-6560.6.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23860\/dignity.2018.03.01.07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519848785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shyrokonis Y. Royer M. Fedina L. Bender A. Herrenkohl T. I. Tolman R. Nichols D. (2025). Campus sexual violence victimization and perpetration experiences in racial gender identity and sexual orientation minority student subpopulations: A scoping review. Trauma Violence & Abuse 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380251325192","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380251325192"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2015.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000395"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","unstructured":"The 2022 Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) Reauthorization. (2023). Congressional Research Service. https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/crs-product\/R47570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198120911613"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.12305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","volume-title":"The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2010 Findings on victimization by sexual orientation","author":"Walters M. L.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walters M. L., Chen J., Breiding M. J. (2013). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2010 Findings on victimization by sexual orientation. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_1","unstructured":"White House Task Force. (2014). Not alone: The first report of the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault. https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/ovw\/page\/file\/905942\/download"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_1","author":"Williams Institute","year":"2009","unstructured":"Williams Institute. (2009). Best practices for asking questions about sexual orientation on surveys.","journal-title":"Best practices for asking questions about sexual orientation on surveys"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_1","unstructured":"Williams Institute. (2024). Survey measures. https:\/\/williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu\/quick-facts\/survey-measures\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Examining the link between adolescent brain development and risk taking from a social\u2013developmental perspective (reprinted)","volume":"89","author":"Willoughby T.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Willoughby T., Good M., Adachi P. J. C., Hamza C., Tavernier R. (2014). Examining the link between adolescent brain development and risk taking from a social\u2013developmental perspective (reprinted). Brain and Cognition, Special Issue on Reward and Regulatory Processes in Adolescence, 89, 70\u201378.","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition, Special Issue on Reward and Regulatory Processes in Adolescence"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015576391"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2018.1546710"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605261451875","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605261451875","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605261451875","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:29:46Z","timestamp":1789453786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605261451875"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19-20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605261451875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605261451875","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]}}}