{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:13:12Z","timestamp":1786122792228,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Taiwan University Children and Family Research Center Sponsored by CTBC Charity Foundation","award":["FR012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FR012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Child sexual abuse (CSA) in non-Western contexts remains understudied, particularly with respect to how different forms and perpetrator\u2013victim relationships are connected to other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and how they shape mental health and revictimization risk over time. This study examines the prevalence of CSA among Taiwanese children and its associations with other ACEs, psychiatric symptoms, and subsequent revictimization, with attention to both the form of sexual abuse and the perpetrator\u2013victim relationship. Data were drawn from a nationally representative, longitudinal survey of children in the 4th and 8th grades (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092,599). CSA was assessed across\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">contact<\/jats:italic>\n                    (unwanted sexual touching or being forced to touch another person\u2019s private parts) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">non-contact<\/jats:italic>\n                    forms (forced exposure to sexual images or videos), as well as by perpetrator relationship (parent\/caregiver, sibling, or peer). Results indicated that 9.81% of 4th-grade children reported experiencing at least one form of CSA in the past 12\u2009months. Distinct ACEs were\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">differentially<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with specific CSA forms and perpetrator relationships, revealing patterned pathways of interpersonal risk. Parental physical violence was associated with a higher likelihood of parent\/caregiver-facilitated CSA, whereas parental psychological neglect and bullying victimization were linked to increased risk of peer-facilitated CSA. All forms of CSA were associated with elevated concurrent psychiatric symptoms. Longitudinal analyses further demonstrated that sibling- and peer-facilitated contact CSA predicted greater psychiatric symptoms 4\u2009years later. Additionally, parent\/caregiver- and sibling-facilitated non-contact CSA, as well as peer-facilitated contact CSA, were associated with increased risk of revictimization at follow-up. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing CSA by both form and perpetrator relationship to better understand the interpersonal contexts in which sexual abuse occurs and its lasting consequences. Implications for targeted prevention, early identification, and intervention strategies are discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605261455709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T13:43:47Z","timestamp":1782222227000},"page":"6707-6733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Forms and Contexts of Child Sexual Abuse in Taiwan: Associations With Adverse Childhood Experiences, Mental Health Outcomes, and Revictimization"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8403-7016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Ying","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Chicago, USA"},{"name":"National Taiwan University Children and Family Research Center Sponsored by CTBC Charity Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5865-9524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"April Chiung-Tao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University Children and Family Research Center Sponsored by CTBC Charity Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5461-1657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University Children and Family Research Center Sponsored by CTBC Charity Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui-Ying","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University Children and Family Research Center Sponsored by CTBC Charity Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ping","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University Children and Family Research Center Sponsored by CTBC Charity Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5475-8579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsi-Sheng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University Children and Family Research Center Sponsored by CTBC Charity Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiao-Lin","family":"Hwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University Children and Family Research Center Sponsored by CTBC Charity Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assink M. Van der Put C. E. Meeuwsen M. W. C. M. de Jong N. M. Oort F. J. Stams G. J. J. M. Hoeve M. (2019). Risk factors for child sexual abuse victimization: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin 145(5) 459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000188","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000188"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boroughs M. S. Valentine S. E. Ironson G. H. Shipherd J. C. Safren S. A. Taylor S. W. Dale S. K. Baker J. S. Wilner J. G. O\u2019Cleirigh C. (2015). Complexity of childhood sexual abuse: Predictors of current post-traumatic stress disorder mood disorders substance use and sexual risk behavior among adult men who have sex with men. Archives of Sexual Behavior 44(7) 1891\u20131902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-015-0546-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0546-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J. Dunne M. P. Han P. (2004). Child sexual abuse in China: A study of adolescents in four provinces. Child Abuse & Neglect 28(11) 1171\u20131186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.07.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","unstructured":"Dufour M. H. Nadeau L. (2001). Sexual abuse: A comparison between resilient victims and drug-addicted victims. Violence and Victims 16(6) 655\u2013672. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11863064\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engstrom M. El-Bassel N. Go H. Gilbert L. (2008). Childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence among women in methadone treatment: A direct or mediated relationship? Journal of Family Violence 23(7) 605\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10896-008-9183-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-008-9183-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Felitti V. J. Anda R. F. Nordenberg D. Williamson D. F. Spitz A. M. Edwards V. Marks J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 14(4) 245\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0749-3797(98)00017-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng J. Y. Chang Y. T. Chang H. Y. Fetzer S. Wang J. D. (2015). Prevalence of different forms of child maltreatment among Taiwanese adolescents: A population-based study. Child Abuse & Neglect 42 10\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.11.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finkelhor D. Ormrod R. K. Turner H. A. (2007). Poly-victimization: A neglected component in child victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect 31(1) 7\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.06.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finkelhor D. Turner H. A. Shattuck A. Hamby S. L. (2015). Prevalence of childhood exposure to violence crime and abuse: Results from the national survey of children\u2019s exposure to violence. JAMA Pediatrics 169(8) 746\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.0676","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.0676"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Firth D. (1993). Bias reduction of maximum likelihood estimates. Biometrika 80(1) 27\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biomet\/80.1.27","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/80.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furlong M. J. Greif J. L. Bates M. P. Whipple A. D. Jimenez T. C. Morrison R. (2005). Development of the California school climate and safety survey-short form. Psychology in the Schools 42(2) 137\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pits.20053","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20053"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e9bert M. Tremblay-Perreault A. Myre G. (2021). The interplay of depression and hostile attributions in the link between PTSD symptoms and peer victimization in child victims of sexual abuse. Child Psychiatry & Human Development 52 291\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-020-01011-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-020-01011-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinze G. Schemper M. (2002). A solution to the problem of separation in logistic regression. Statistics in Medicine 21(16) 2409\u20132419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.1047","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins D. J. Mathews B. Pacella R. Scott J. G. Finkelhor D. Meinck F. Erskine H. E. Thomas H. J. Lawrence D. M. Haslam D. M. (2023). The prevalence and nature of multi-type child maltreatment in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia 218 S19\u2013S25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/mja2.51868","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51868"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh Y. P. Hwa H. L. Shen A. C. T. Wei H. S. Feng J. Y. Huang C. Y. (2021). Ecological predictors and trajectory of internet addiction from childhood through adolescence: A nationally representative longitudinal study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(12) 6253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18126253","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126253"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irish L. Kobayashi I. Delahanty D. L. (2010). Long-term physical health consequences of childhood sexual abuse: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 35(5) 450\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp118","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji K. Finkelhor D. Dunne M. (2013). Child sexual abuse in China: A meta-analysis of 27 studies. Child Abuse & Neglect 37(9) 613\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.03.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latiff M. A. Fang L. Goh D. A. Tan L. J. (2024). A systematic review of factors associated with disclosure of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect 147 Article 106564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106564"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","unstructured":"Lee M.-B. Liao S.-C. Lee Y.-J. Wu C.-H. Tseng M.-C. Gau S.-F. Rau C.-L. (2003). Development and verification of validity and reliability of a short screening instrument to identify psychiatric morbidity. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 102(10) 687\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29828\/JFMA.200310.0004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levenson J. S. Grady M. D. (2016). The influence of childhood trauma on sexual violence and sexual deviance in adulthood. Traumatology 22(2) 94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/trm0000067","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000067"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li D. Chu C. M. Lai V. (2020). A developmental perspective on the relationship between child sexual abuse and depression: A systematic and meta-analytic review. Child Abuse Review 29(1) 27\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/car.2592","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2592"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu H. Wang W. Yang J. Guo F. Yin Z. (2021). The effects of alexithymia experiential avoidance and childhood sexual abuse on non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation among Chinese college students with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Affective Disorders 282 272\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.181"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathews B. Collin-V\u00e9zina D. (2017). Child sexual abuse: Toward a conceptual model and definition. Trauma Violence & Abuse 20(2) 131\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838017738726","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838017738726"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCartan K. F. King-Hill S. Allardyce S. (2024). Reviewing the evidence on sibling sexual behaviour: Impact on research policy and practice. Current Psychiatry Reports 26(3) 37\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-024-01487-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-024-01487-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McPherson L. Vosz M. Gatwiri K. Hitchcock C. Tucci J. Mitchell J. Fernandes C. Macnamara N. (2024). Approaches to assessment and intervention with children and young people who engage in harmful sexual behavior: A scoping review. Trauma Violence & Abuse 25(2) 1585\u20131598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380231189293","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231189293"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller A. B. Esposito-Smythers C. Weismoore J. T. Renshaw K. D. (2013). The relation between child maltreatment and adolescent suicidal behavior: A systematic review and critical examination of the literature. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 16(2) 146\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-013-0131-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-013-0131-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","unstructured":"Minister of Health and Welfare. (2025). Statistics on the age and gender of victims of sexual offenses. https:\/\/dep.mohw.gov.tw\/DOPS\/cp-1303-59309-105.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien J. E. White K. Wu Q. Killian-Farrell C. (2016). Mental health and behavioral outcomes of sexual and nonsexual child maltreatment among child welfare-involved youth. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 25(5) 483\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10538712.2016.1167801","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2016.1167801"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oshima K. M. M. Jonson-Reid M. Seay K. D. (2014). The influence of childhood sexual abuse on adolescent outcomes: The roles of gender poverty and revictimization. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 23(4) 367\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10538712.2014.896845","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2014.896845"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodante D. E. Grendas L. N. Puppo S. Vidjen P. Portela A. Rojas S. M. Chiapella L. C. Daray F. M. (2019). Predictors of short- and long-term recurrence of suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 140(2) 158\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.13058","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Runyan D. K. Curtis P. A. Hunter W. M. Black M. M. Kotch J. B. Bangdiwala S. Dubowitz H. English D. Everson M. D. Landsverk J. (1998). LONGSCAN: A consortium for longitudinal studies of maltreatment and the life course of children. Aggression and Violent Behavior 3(3) 275\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1359-1789(96)00027-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(96)00027-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russell D. Higgins D. Posso A. (2020). Preventing child sexual abuse: A systematic review of interventions and their efficacy in developing countries. Child Abuse & Neglect 102 Article 104395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104395"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scoglio A. A. J. Kraus S. W. Saczynski J. Jooma S. Molnar B. E. (2021). Systematic review of risk and protective factors for revictimization after child sexual abuse. Trauma Violence & Abuse 22(1) 41\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838018823274","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018823274"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen A. C. T. Feng J. Y. Feng J. Y. Wei H. S. Hsieh Y. P. Huang S. C. Y. Hwa H. L. (2019). Who gets protection? A national study of multiple victimization and child protection among Taiwanese children. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34(17) 3737\u20133761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260516670885","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516670885"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steine I. M. Nielsen B. Porter P. A. Krystal J. H. Winje D. Gr\u00f8nli J. Milde A. M. Bjorvatn B. Nordhus I. H. Pallesen S. (2020). Predictors and correlates of lifetime and persistent non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts among adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 11(1) Article 1815282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008198.2020.1815282","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1815282"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoltenborgh M. Bakermans-Kranenburg M. J. Alink L. R. A. van IJzendoorn M. H. (2015). The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: Review of a series of meta-analyses. Child Abuse Review 24(1) 37\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/car.2353","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2353"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tutty L. M. Aubry D. Velasquez L. (2020). The \u201cWho Do You Tell?\u201d\u2122 child sexual abuse education program: Eight years of monitoring. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 29(1) 2\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10538712.2019.1663969","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2019.1663969"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ventus D. Antfolk J. Salo B. (2017). The associations between abuse characteristics in child sexual abuse: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sexual Aggression 23(2) 167\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13552600.2017.1318963","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600.2017.1318963"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh C. A. MacMillan H. L. Trocm\u00e9 N. Jamieson E. Boyle M. H. (2008). Measurement of victimization in adolescence: Development and validation of the Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect 32(11) 1037\u20131057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.05.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (1999). Report of the consultation on child abuse prevention 29\u201331 March 1999 WHO Geneva. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/65900"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2003). Guidelines for medico-legal care of victims of sexual violence. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/67468e99-5b64-40d9-b68b-c0e55923f32e\/content"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Normative sexuality development in childhood: Implications for developmental guidance and prevention of childhood sexual abuse","volume":"43","author":"Wurtele S. K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wurtele S. K., Kenny M. C. (2011). Normative sexuality development in childhood: Implications for developmental guidance and prevention of childhood sexual abuse. Counseling and Human Development, 43(9), 1\u201324.","journal-title":"Counseling and Human Development"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zolotor A. J. Runyan D. K. Dunne M. P. Jain D. P\u00e9turs H. R. Ramirez C. Volkova E. Deb S. Lidchi V. Muhammad T. Isaeva O. (2009). ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool Children\u2019s Version (ICAST-C): Instrument development and multi-national pilot testing. Child Abuse & Neglect 33(11) 833\u2013841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.09.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.09.004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605261455709","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605261455709","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605261455709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T12:26:27Z","timestamp":1786105587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605261455709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17-18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605261455709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605261455709","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}}}