{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:46:09Z","timestamp":1791834369106,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Based on 187 judicial cases involving sexual abuse of left-behind minors in eastern Sichuan (2021\u20132025), this study employs binary logistic regression, interrupted time series (ITS) analysis, and event history analysis to examine the effects of absent guardianship, acquaintance networks, and the mandatory reporting system on the risk of abuse. The study found that for every one-level increase in the degree of guardianship absence, the risk of repeated abuse increased by 67.3% (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.673,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.001); the recurrence rate of abuse by acquaintances who are not immediate family members was significantly higher than that by strangers (OR\u2009=\u20092.76,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.003), while no significant difference was observed for immediate family members; the time lag in reporting abuse within the family was significantly longer than that for abuse outside the family (8.7\u2009months vs. 4.2\u2009months,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911.67,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001); following policy implementation, the proportion of cases reported by obligated parties rose from 25% to 81.5%, but a low baseline confounded the ITS estimate due to the pandemic (\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200912.6), and the stock of risk did not decrease significantly. This study preliminarily reveals a conditional association between the risk effects of familiar-person networks and the completeness of guardianship, offering directional insights for extending the social ecosystem theory to a \u201cfamily\u2013community cross-level risk transmission mechanism.\u201d\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605261487999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:03:00Z","timestamp":1791547380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gradient Identification and Institutional Responses to the Risk of Sexual Abuse of Left-Behind Minors: An Empirical Analysis Based on 187 Judicial Cases in Eastern Sichuan"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Wu","family":"Xiaomin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5326-321X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"He","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bright M. A. Roehrkasse A. Masten S. Nauman A. Finkelhor D. (2022). Child abuse prevention education policies increase reports of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect 134 105932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105932"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674028845"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X. J. Wu Y. N. Qu J. (2022). Parental migration and the risk of sexual abuse among children in Guizhou China: The mediating roles of caregiver monitoring high-risk lifestyles and general victimization exposure. Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect 128 105689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105689"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/228943"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","volume-title":"Child sexual abuse: New theory and research","author":"Finkelhor D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Finkelhor D. (1984). Child sexual abuse: New theory and research. Free Press."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"A review of family factors influencing the occurrence of child sexual abuse","volume":"11","author":"Liang X.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liang X., Li X. D., Yang D. D. et al. (2020). A review of family factors influencing the occurrence of child sexual abuse. Society and Public Welfare, 11(9), 48\u201351.","journal-title":"Society and Public Welfare"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Key Data from the Seventh National Population Census. National Bureau of Statistics Press Release. https:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/sj\/xwfbh\/fbhwd\/202302\/t20230203_1901080.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.24.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"The downside of social capital","volume":"26","author":"Portes A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Portes A., Landolt P. (1996). The downside of social capital. The American Prospect, 26, 18\u201321.","journal-title":"The American Prospect"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","unstructured":"Supreme People\u2019s Procuratorate of the People\u2019s Republic of China. (2025). White Paper on minors Prosecution Work (2024). Retrieved March 15 2026 from https:\/\/www.spp.gov.cn\/xwfbh\/wsfbt\/202506\/t20250616_698278.shtml"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","unstructured":"Yang T. Breckenridge J. Poon A. W. C. (2026). Sexual abuse of left-behind girls in rural Chinese schools: Prevalence risk factors and legal gaps. International Journal of Child Rights 34(1) 45\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09275562251278901"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang H. P. Ma A. J. Li Y. L. (2022). Social cohesion and child abuse among left-behind children in rural China. Journal of Community Psychology 50(3) 1023\u20131040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.22897","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22897"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605261487999","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605261487999","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605261487999","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:03:27Z","timestamp":1791831807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605261487999"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605261487999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605261487999","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"article-number":"08862605261487999"}}