{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:29:48Z","timestamp":1787131788760,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology - Joint Special Project on Precision oriented research on key technologies of AIDS diagnosis and treatment","award":["202405AJ310002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202405AJ310002"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province High-Level Health Technology Talent Training Fund Project","award":["H-2018050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H-2018050"]}]},{"name":"Kunming Medical University Scientific Innovation Team for Diagnosis and Treatment of Co-infectious Diseases of AIDS","award":["CXTD202111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXTD202111"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81960605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81960605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"unnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology - Joint Special Project on Applied Basic Research with Kunming Medical University","award":["202101AY070001-223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AY070001-223"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Major Special Project","award":["202102AA310005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102AA310005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Yunnan Province, a critical southwestern Chinese border region and gateway to Southeast Asia, faces a complex human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection epidemic. Molecular data on HCV Core domain I in persons living with HIV and HCV (PLWHH) remain scarce here. This study addresses this gap by analyzing prevalent HCV strains, identifying amino acid mutations, and predicting immune epitopes and structural motifs to inform clinical and vaccine strategies. The serum samples from 128 PLWHH, which were collected across 14 cities in Yunnan Province between January 2019 and September 2021, were analyzed. RNA was extracted from these samples, and complementary DNA was subsequently synthesized. PCR amplification of the HCV Core domain I was performed using genotype-specific primers, followed by sequencing. Bioinformatics tools were used for phylogenetic analysis, amino acid mutation analysis, and the prediction of B-cell and T-cell epitopes, as well as N-glycosylation sites. In addition, secondary and tertiary structure modeling was carried out. HCV genotypes included 1a (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 3), 1b (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 23), 3a (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 29), 3b (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 51), 6a (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 4), 6n (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 15), and 6xa (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 3). Eleven mutations were identified in Core domain I, with R70Q (41.4%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 53) and R70P (14.06%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 18) linked to severe disease progression. B-cell epitope analysis revealed three antigenic sites in genotypes 1\/3 and four in genotype 6. T-cell epitope prediction identified two antigenic sites across genotypes 1\/3\/6, but no cytotoxic T-cell epitopes or N-glycosylation sites were detected. Structural modeling showed Core domain I in genotypes 1\/3\/6 comprised helices, sheets, turns, and coils (coils predominant), with significant structural variations between genotypes. In the PLWHH in Yunnan, HCV exhibits diverse epidemiological characteristics. Multiple amino acid mutations in Core domain I, often linked to severe disease outcomes, are frequently observed. This region also contains several immune-related antigenic epitopes. In addition, variations in the secondary and tertiary structures of Core domain I differ across genotypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08892229251405803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T08:01:07Z","timestamp":1767081667000},"page":"146-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HCV Genotype Distribution and Molecular Characteristics of HCV Core Domain I in Persons Living with HIV and HCV from Yunnan Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4085-3246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yantao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China."},{"name":"School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."},{"name":"College of Medical Technology, Kunming Medical University Haiyuan College, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Renwei Editing and Proofreading Co. Ltd., Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangchao","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiying","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haihua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinglin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cross-Border Infectious Disease Controlling and Novel Drug 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