{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T10:39:10Z","timestamp":1778323150981,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82173583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In China, the HIV-1 epidemic is predominantly dominated by the recombinant strains CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC. The high replication rate, error-prone reverse transcriptase, and frequent recombination events of HIV-1 have facilitated the emergence of circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) between these major lineages. In this study, a novel HIV-1 second-generation circulating recombinant form (CRF193_0107), consisting of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC, was identified during routine molecular surveillance in Hebei Province, China. We successfully obtained near-full-length genome (NFLG) sequences from three samples with no epidemiological link and performed phylogenetic, recombination, and temporal evolutionary analyses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these NFLG sequences formed a distinct monophyletic cluster with a high bootstrap value. Recombination analysis showed that all NFLGs shared the same unique mosaic recombination pattern between CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC clades, with one CRF07_BC fragment in the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vif<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vpr<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tat<\/jats:italic>\n                    region (HXB2 positions 5,550\u20135,965) inserted into a CRF01_AE backbone. Further subregion phylogenetic analysis confirmed that segment I+III of CRF193_0107 originated from men who have sex with men (MSM)-associated CRF01_AE cluster 4, and segment \u2161 from MSM-associated CRF07_BC cluster N. The temporal evolution analysis indicated that CRF193_0107 originated in 2016. The emergence of CRF193_0107 underscores the importance of monitoring HIV-1 second-generation recombinant forms (CRFs_0107), particularly the transmission and evolution among men who have sex with men (MSM).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08892229251409887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T03:40:46Z","timestamp":1767152446000},"page":"98-103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of a Novel HIV-1 Second-Generation Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF193_0107) Among MSM in Hebei Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaorui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 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China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2016.0029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001420"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106368"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"HIV sequence database. 2025. 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