{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:29:51Z","timestamp":1787131791617,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Public Health Talent Cultivation Support Program"},{"name":"The Yunnan Health Training Project of High Level Talents","award":["L-2024020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L-2024020"]}]},{"name":"The Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province","award":["202503AP140034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202503AP140034"]}]},{"name":"The Yunnan Provincial-Municipal Integration Special Project","award":["202402AN360004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202402AN360004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Yunnan Province has historically been a major gateway for the introduction of HIV-1 into China. The border region with northern Myanmar has become a significant hotspot for HIV-1 recombination. This study identified and characterized a novel circulating recombinant form (CRF) of HIV-1 in the area, designating it as CRF181_BC. This viral strain was detected in three cases of heterosexual transmission in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis of the near-full-length genome revealed that the three sequences formed a distinct branch, separate from all recognized subtypes and CRFs. The recombinant structure comprises 12 alternately distributed B and C subtype fragments, with subtype B accounting for 55.1% of the genome length. This contrasts with other known CRF_BC strains, which typically have a C-subtype backbone. Bayesian analysis revealed that this recombinant virus emerged between 2005 and 2006, coinciding with Yunnan Province\u2019s critical transition from HIV transmission dominated by injection drug use to HIV transmission predominantly occurring through sexual contact. The discovery of CRF181_BC underscores the intricate genetic diversity of HIV-1 and ongoing active recombination events along the China-Myanmar border. This poses new challenges for local viral diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08892229261423350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T06:37:33Z","timestamp":1770446253000},"page":"157-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF181_BC) with a Unique Subtype B Backbone from the China-Myanmar Border Region"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9699-7524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Public Health and Disease Control, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China."},{"name":"School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huichao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Public Health and Disease Control, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China."},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manhong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Public Health and Disease Control, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China."},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Public Health and Disease Control, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/455609a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106477"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2024.222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30252-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283522c97"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262210909"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.18.1.20035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4276-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c7d6ff"}],"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08892229261423350","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08892229261423350","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08892229261423350","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:21:33Z","timestamp":1787131293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08892229261423350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08892229261423350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08892229261423350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]}}}