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We identified two novel unique recombinant forms (URFs) from two persons living with HIV-1, both infected through homosexual contact in Hebei, China. Phylogenetic and recombinant analysis based on the near full-length genome (NFLG) sequences revealed that they originated from CRF01_AE and B. NFLG sequencing revealed complex recombinant patterns in both samples, indicating ongoing recombination and co-infection in men who have sex with men (MSM). The emergence of novel URFs underscores the complexity of the HIV-1 epidemic among MSM and highlights its evolving molecular diversity and epidemiological implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08892229261451042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T05:11:21Z","timestamp":1778649081000},"page":"230-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic Characterization of Two Novel Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Recombinant Forms (CRF01_AE and B) in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hebei, China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6727-0361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yimin","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs Department, Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Baoding, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Baoding Central Blood Station, Baoding, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Baoding Central Blood Station, Baoding, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs Department, Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Baoding, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, The People\u2019s Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, The Baoding Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baoding, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, The People\u2019s Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoxi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, The People\u2019s Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, The People\u2019s Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006882"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 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