{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:17:59Z","timestamp":1790356679471,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32NR014205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32NR014205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Health Promot"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigate sexual orientation differences in cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2014 to 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 395 154 participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The exposure measure was sexual orientation. Self-report of cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex-stratified logistic regression analyses to examine sexual orientation differences in cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular disease (heterosexuals = reference group).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexual minority men reported higher rates of mental distress (gay adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.59; bisexual AOR: 1.88) and lifetime depression (gay AOR: 2.48; bisexual: AOR 2.67). Gay men reported higher rates of current smoking (AOR: 1.28), but lower rates of obesity (AOR: 0.82) compared to heterosexual men. Sexual minority women reported higher rates of several cardiovascular risk factors including mental distress (lesbian AOR: 1.37; bisexual AOR: 2.33), lifetime depression (lesbian AOR: 1.96; bisexual AOR: 3.26), current smoking (lesbian AOR: 1.65; bisexual AOR: 1.29), heavy drinking (lesbian AOR: 2.01; bisexual AOR: 2.04), and obesity (lesbian AOR: 1.50; bisexual AOR: 1.29), but were more likely to exercise than heterosexual women (lesbian AOR: 1.34; bisexual AOR: 1.24). Lesbian women reported lower rates of heart attack (AOR: 0.62), but bisexual women had higher rates of stroke than heterosexual women (AOR: 1.46).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings can inform the development of prevention efforts to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in sexual minorities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117118810246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T03:39:22Z","timestamp":1541389162000},"page":"576-585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Cardiovascular Disease Disparities in Sexual Minority Adults: An Examination of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2014-2016)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6865-5546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Billy A.","family":"Caceres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University School of Nursing, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour","family":"Makarem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen T.","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University School of Nursing, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonda L.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University School of Nursing, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0890117118810246","unstructured":"Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. 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