{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:25:21Z","timestamp":1777375521759,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA036345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA036345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Health Promot"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homelessness is associated with poor health outcomes and heightened risk of premature mortality. Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is a key solution for ending homelessness, but there is insufficient evidence of a relationship between PSH and improvements in physical health. Self-rated health\u2014a consistent predictor of mortality\u2014is a meaningful approach to understanding health improvements in PSH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal, observational design with interviews at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months (with 91% retention at 12-months).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Permanent supportive housing in Los Angeles, CA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four hundred twenty-one adults moving into PSH (baseline interview prior to\/within 5 days of housing).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three self-rated health assessments: general health status, and limitations to physical and social activity because of health problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Generalized Estimating Equations (controlling for demographics and important health covariates; n = 420) found self-rated general health status improved between baseline and 3-months (coef: 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.24) and persisted at 12-months (coef: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.05-0.27). Improvements in limitations to physical or social activity because of health problems started at 6-months posthousing (physical: coef: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12-0.39; social: coef: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05-0.32) and persisted through 12-months (physical: coef: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.01-0.27; social: coef: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.02-0.29).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite limitations associated with observational study design, these findings provide further evidence that PSH may improve health among those with homelessness histories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117119849004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T00:32:25Z","timestamp":1557793945000},"page":"1073-1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Changes in Self-Rated Physical Health After Moving Into Permanent Supportive Housing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5782-421X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harmony","family":"Rhoades","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne L.","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin F.","family":"Henwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0890117119849004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henwood BF, Byrne T, Scriber B. Examining mortality among formerly homeless adults enrolled in Housing First: an observational study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1209. doi:10.1186\/s12889-015-2552 -1. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26634243.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2552-1"},{"key":"bibr2-0890117119849004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roncarati JS, Baggett TP, O\u2019Connell JJ et al. Mortality among unsheltered homeless adults in Boston, Massachusetts, 2000-2009. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(9):1242\u20131248. doi:10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.2924. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30073282.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.2924"},{"key":"bibr3-0890117119849004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rog DJ, Marshall T, Dougherty RH et al. Permanent supportive housing: assessing the evidence. Psychiatr Serv. 2014;65(3):287\u2013294. doi:10.1176\/appi.ps.201300261. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24343350.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300261"},{"key":"bibr4-0890117119849004","volume-title":"Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Policy and Global Affairs; Science and Technology for Sustainability Program; Committee on an Evaluation of Permanent Supportive Housing Programs for Homeless Individuals","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr5-0890117119849004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim S, Gao Q, Stazesky E, Singh TP, Harris TG, Levanon Seligson A. Impact of a New York City supportive housing program on Medicaid expenditure patterns among people with serious mental illness and chronic homelessness. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):15. doi:10.1186\/s12913-017-2816-9. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29316920.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2816-9"},{"key":"bibr6-0890117119849004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616718.2014.884881"},{"key":"bibr7-0890117119849004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright BJ, Vartanian KB, Li HF, Royal N, Matson JK. Formerly homeless people had lower overall health care expenditures after moving into supportive housing. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016;35(1):20\u201327. doi:10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.0393. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26733697.","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.0393"},{"key":"bibr8-0890117119849004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basch E. Patient-Reported outcomes\u2014harnessing patients\u2019 voices to improve clinical care. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(2):105\u2013108. doi:10.1056\/NEJMp1611252. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28076708.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1611252"},{"key":"bibr9-0890117119849004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schnittker J, Bacak V. The increasing predictive validity of self-rated health. Plos One. 2014;9(1):e84933. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0084933. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24465452.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084933"},{"key":"bibr10-0890117119849004","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients. 1999; https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/nshapc\/about.html. 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