{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:29:54Z","timestamp":1777375794448,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01DA044313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01DA044313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21ES032161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21ES032161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES030743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES030743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES027815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES027815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Health Promot"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined current (past 30-day) dual- and polytobacco use patterns and COVID-19 symptomatology, testing, and diagnosis status among college student electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional online questionnaire administered during October\u2013December 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four large, U.S. public universities in geographically diverse locations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>College students (N=756) ages 18\u201324 who reported current e-cigarette use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, and cigars, and self-reported COVID-19 symptomatology, testing, and diagnosis status were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multivariable logistic regression models accounting for students\u2019 demographics, university site, fraternity\/sorority membership, and current residence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over half (53.6%) of students were exclusive e-cigarette users, 20.4% were dual e-cigarette and combustible cigarette users, 4.6% were dual e-cigarette and cigar users, and 21.4% were poly users of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, and cigars. Compared to exclusive e-cigarette users, dual users of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes (AOR=2.12, 95%CI=1.05\u20134.27) and poly users of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, and cigars (AOR=3.70, 95%CI=1.78\u20137.70) had increased odds of COVID-19 symptomatology, even when accounting for covariates. While current tobacco use groups did not differ based on COVID-19 testing, polytobacco users had significantly increased odds (AOR=2.16, 95%CI=1.11\u20134.20) of having received a positive COVID-19 diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given use of two or more tobacco products increased COVID-19-related risks, results underscore the need to prevent dual- and polytobacco use behaviors in college student e-cigarette users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08901171211055904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T04:19:45Z","timestamp":1638764385000},"page":"421-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Assessment of Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco E-Cigarette Use and COVID-19 Outcomes Among College Students"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5640-7227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley L.","family":"Merianos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0295-9488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex M.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3893-885X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Melinda","family":"Mahabee-Gittens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam E.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsien-Chang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08901171211055904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30120-1"},{"key":"bibr2-08901171211055904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030841"},{"key":"bibr3-08901171211055904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa082"},{"key":"bibr4-08901171211055904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/132411"},{"key":"bibr5-08901171211055904","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2019: volume II, college students & adults ages 19-60","author":"Schulenberg JE","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr6-08901171211055904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.07.002"},{"key":"bibr7-08901171211055904","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-00396-2"},{"key":"bibr8-08901171211055904","volume-title":"The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education","author":"Indiana University Center for Postsecondary Research","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr9-08901171211055904","unstructured":"Qualtrics. 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