{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:19:14Z","timestamp":1790108354956,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005002","name":"California Department of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDPH-16-10109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDPH-16-10109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Health Promot"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The media environment is a key structural factor that influences population knowledge, attitudes, norms, and health behaviors. This study examined changes in tobacco-related advertising for adolescents in California between 2017-18 and 2019-20, a period of significant advertising activities both promoting and discouraging tobacco use, from the tobacco industry and public health authorities, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>California Student Tobacco Survey in 2017-18 and 2019-20.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighth, 10\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and 12\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      grade students (138\u00a0528 in 2017-18 and 160\u00a0350 in 2019-20).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-report of exposure to and perception of whether advertisements mostly encouraged (pro) or discouraged (anti) vaping [or smoking].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Weighted percentages of ad exposure and ratios of anti-over-pro ads in 2017-18 and 2019-20 were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The proportion of students reporting vape-related advertisement exposure increased from 42.2% in 2017-18 to 67.1% in 2019-20 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001); those reporting cigarette-related advertisement exposure decreased (from 64.6% to 51.2%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). The ratio of anti-over-pro advertisement perception for vapes increased (from 1.43 to 2.28,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) and the ratio for cigarettes decreased (from 3.75 to 2.55,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advertising activities from both the tobacco industry and public health authorities have reached adolescents. Adolescents\u2019 overall perception was that the tobacco-related media environment, while being generally anti-tobacco, had become more anti-vaping and less anti-smoking. The effects of these advertisements on tobacco use behaviors merit further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08901171251348217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T04:20:41Z","timestamp":1748665241000},"page":"18-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Changes in Tobacco-related Advertising for Adolescents Between 2017-18 and 2019-20: Results From the California Student Tobacco Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0367-4161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jijiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego"},{"name":"San Diego State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony C.","family":"Gamst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2038-9477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue-Lin","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Hong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego"},{"name":"University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2022: Secondary School Students","author":"Miech RA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miech RA, Johnston LD, Patrick ME, O\u2019Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. 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