{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T12:09:08Z","timestamp":1784117348117,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Kentucky Prevention and Cessation Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Health Promot"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explored the relationships between social influence, vaping behavior, and susceptibility across different grade levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study design was cross-sectional. Data were collected from middle and high school students who voluntarily participated between September 2022 and April 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A convenience sample of students in 6\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      to 12\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      grades in Kentucky (N = 4677).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic information, including age, grade level, school location, and race\/ethnicity, was collected. The outcome variables included social influence, susceptibility, and vaping behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationships between social influence, vaping behavior, and susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis showed significant differences in vaping behaviors and susceptibility between middle and high school students, with high school students having higher odds of vaping (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = [1.15, 2.17]). However, after adjusting for covariates, grade level differences were no longer significant (aOR = 1.01, 95% CI = [0.67, 1.51]). The adjusted model showed that youth with 1 vaping friend were 3 times more likely to try vaping (aOR = 2.83, 95% CI = [1.91, 4.22]), while those with 5 vaping friends were over 22 times more likely (aOR = 22.30, 95% CI = [13.34, 37.29]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results emphasize the need for primary interventions that address social influences on youth vaping initiation and continued use among students across middle and high school grade levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08901171251413763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T23:30:46Z","timestamp":1767742246000},"page":"843-851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Relationships Between Social Influence, Vaping 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