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In the total sample, lower QoL was associated with female gender, Black race\/skin color, diabetes, and tobacco use. In contrast, higher income and regular physical activity were predictors of high QoL. Stratified models revealed that physical activity and family income positively predicted QoL in both genders, but smoking was a stronger negative predictor among men, while diabetes was associated with low QoL in women. The protective effect of physical activity was more pronounced in female students. Moderation analyses confirmed that sex significantly moderated the associations between family income and physical activity and QoL.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender differences in QoL among university students reflect distinct behavioral and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. The moderating role of sex suggests that health promotion strategies may need to be tailored by gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08901171261489116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T14:04:05Z","timestamp":1789221845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Why Gender Matters for the Quality of Life of University Students: The Role of Socioeconomic Status, Health Behaviors, and Clinical Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Fabr\u00edcio P.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centro Universit\u00e1rio FIP Guanambi"},{"name":"Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wille Dingsor S.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia G.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaciara N.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9528-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f4nica Tha\u00eds S.","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais de Oliveira F.","family":"Baldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES)"},{"name":"University Unifipmoc-Afya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7673-3580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo P.","family":"Baldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES)"},{"name":"University Unifipmoc-Afya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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