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The authors tested a standard breastshield at 25\u00b0C and a breastshield warmed to 39\u00b0C on 25 mothers using their maximum comfortable vacuum or \u2212125 mm Hg. Using a warm breastshield effectively warmed the nipple and areola and, combined with maximum comfortable vacuum, decreased the time to remove 80% of the total milk yield and increased the percentage of available milk removed after 5 minutes of expression, with no change in the percentage of available milk removed after 15 minutes of expression compared with an ambient-temperature breastshield. The data confirmed that use of the mother\u2019s maximum comfortable vacuum was more efficient than a vacuum of \u2212125 mm Hg. Using a warm breastshield with an electric breast pump was comfortable and improved the efficiency of milk removal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334411418628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,2]],"date-time":"2011-11-02T19:35:36Z","timestamp":1320262536000},"page":"331-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effect of Warm Breastshields on Breast Milk Pumping"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline C.","family":"Kent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna T.","family":"Geddes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna R.","family":"Hepworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0890334411418628","first-page":"5","volume":"14","author":"Binns CW","year":"2006","journal-title":"Breastfeed Rev"},{"key":"bibr2-0890334411418628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.07.012"},{"key":"bibr3-0890334411418628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2008.0133"},{"key":"bibr4-0890334411418628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334403252473"},{"key":"bibr5-0890334411418628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089033402237907"},{"key":"bibr6-0890334411418628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089033402237908"},{"key":"bibr7-0890334411418628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2007.0028"},{"key":"bibr8-0890334411418628","unstructured":"Gunther M. 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