{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:16:54Z","timestamp":1790979414347,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,22]],"date-time":"2014-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hum Lact"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite estimates that 83% of mothers in the United States receive labor pain medications, little research has been done on how use of these medications affect onset of lactation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether use of labor pain medications is associated with delayed onset of lactation (DOL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from the 2005-2007 Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a longitudinal study of women from late pregnancy through the entire first year after birth (n = 2366). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, we assessed the relationship between mothers\u2019 use of labor pain medication\/method and DOL (milk coming in &gt; 3 days after delivery).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 23.4% of women in our sample experienced DOL. Compared with women who delivered vaginally and received no labor pain medication, women who received labor pain medications had a higher odds of experiencing DOL: vaginal with spinal\/epidural only (aOR 2.05; 95% CI, 1.43-2.95), vaginal with spinal\/epidural plus another medication (aOR 1.79; 95% CI, 1.16-2.76), vaginal with other labor pain medications only ([not spinal\/epidural]; aOR 1.84; 95% CI, 1.14-2.98), planned cesarean section with spinal\/epidural only (aOR 2.13; 95% CI, 1.39-3.27), planned cesarean with spinal\/epidural plus another medication (aOR 2.67; 95% CI, 1.35-5.29), emergency cesarean with spinal\/epidural only (aOR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.34-3.51), and emergency cesarean with spinal\/epidural plus another medication (aOR 3.03; 95% CI, 1.77-5.18).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mothers who received labor pain medications were more likely to report DOL, regardless of delivery method. This information could help inform clinical decisions regarding labor\/delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334413520189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,22]],"date-time":"2014-01-22T23:56:27Z","timestamp":1390434987000},"page":"167-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Relationship between Use of Labor Pain Medications and Delayed Onset of Lactation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jennifer N.","family":"Lind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cria G.","family":"Perrine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruowei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"153","key":"bibr1-0890334413520189","first-page":"1","author":"Ip S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep)"},{"key":"bibr2-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3552"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr3-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200702000-00064","volume":"109","author":"Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women ACoO, Gynecologists","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"bibr4-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.12.2972"},{"key":"bibr5-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.03.035"},{"key":"bibr6-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(99)00109-1"},{"key":"bibr7-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.3.607"},{"key":"bibr8-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089033449901500207"},{"key":"bibr9-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2007.00096.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2007.05.005"},{"key":"bibr11-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29192"},{"key":"bibr12-0890334413520189","volume-title":"Listening to Mothers III: Pregnancy and Birth","author":"Declercq ER","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr13-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089033449901500409"},{"key":"bibr14-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1315c"},{"key":"bibr15-0890334413520189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.11.3012S"},{"key":"bibr16-0890334413520189","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. 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