{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:23:38Z","timestamp":1785392618763,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,6]],"date-time":"2016-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hum Lact"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although there is an abundance of interventional studies to increase breastfeeding rates, little is known about how to support and promote breastfeeding among mothers on opioid maintenance treatment (OMT). The studies on maternal OMT mainly focus on medication excreted in breast milk and breastfeeding benefits for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). We aim to review interventions to improve breastfeeding outcomes among mothers on OMT to make recommendations for practice and future research. We searched CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for articles, preferably experimental\/quasi-experimental studies published within the past 10 years, that examined interventions to increase rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration among mothers on OMT. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria, comprising 5 categories: 4 combined obstetric and addiction care, 1 rooming-in, 1 Baby-Friendly hospital, 2 inpatient\/outpatient NAS treatment, and 1 divided methadone dose. Breastfeeding rates were relatively higher for divided methadone dose (81% initiated any breastfeeding) and rooming-in (62% initiated any breastfeeding); lower in Baby-Friendly hospital (24%) and inpatient\/outpatient NAS treatment (45% and 24%, respectively); and mixed in combined obstetric and addiction care programs (2 studies reported 70% and 76%; 2 studies reported 17% and 28%). Studies that included both methadone and buprenorphine did not specify breastfeeding results by medication. We recommend future research to differentiate breastfeeding types and duration by OMT medication. Qualitative studies are needed to explore maternal view on breastfeeding regarding need, barrier, and motivating factors in order to develop effective interventions to promote breastfeeding among mothers on OMT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334416641909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]],"date-time":"2016-04-07T01:40:17Z","timestamp":1459993217000},"page":"521-529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Breastfeeding among Mothers on Opioid Maintenance Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Lillian C.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Birth Center, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese Jung","family":"Doan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0890334416641909","volume-title":"Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2014"},{"issue":"26","key":"bibr2-0890334416641909","first-page":"537","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr3-0890334416641909","first-page":"37","volume":"64","author":"Ailes EC","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"26","key":"bibr4-0890334416641909","first-page":"719","volume":"64","author":"Jones CM","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr5-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.3951"},{"key":"bibr6-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.08.011"},{"key":"bibr7-0890334416641909","first-page":"CD006318","volume":"12","author":"Minozzi S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr8-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/906723"},{"key":"bibr9-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/195954"},{"key":"bibr10-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3524"},{"key":"bibr11-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.07.015"},{"key":"bibr12-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.66"},{"key":"bibr13-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2011.01330.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr14-0890334416641909","first-page":"1060","volume":"102","author":"Welle-Strand GK","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"bibr15-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.02073.x"},{"key":"bibr16-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.10.001"},{"key":"bibr17-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30311-X"},{"key":"bibr18-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2009.0079"},{"key":"bibr19-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0b013e318225a30c"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr20-0890334416641909","first-page":"9","volume":"10","author":"Balain M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infant"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr21-0890334416641909","first-page":"213","volume":"64","author":"Lind JN","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr22-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005"},{"key":"bibr23-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2011.02.100155"},{"key":"bibr24-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12009"},{"key":"bibr25-0890334416641909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)35245-8"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr26-0890334416641909","first-page":"1722","volume":"53","author":"Abrahams RR","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr27-0890334416641909","unstructured":"Baby-Friendly USA. 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