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The example study does not address definitional confusion or control for the effects of the passage of time. It does not consider the effects of caring attention, validation, and lactation consultant support. It also does not consider the extensive research over the past three decades that has established that reflux in the first 6 months of life is benign, even though increased reflux frequency may correlate with unsettled infant behavior. The study authors relied on the hypothesis that reflux is caused by excessive air swallowing in infants with poor latch due to posterior tongue-tie and upper lip-tie, which lacks credible physiological mechanisms or supporting evidence. The authors\u2019 claim that conducting a randomized controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of frenotomy would be unethical contradicts the basic principles of good science. This article argues that our breastfeeding women and their babies deserve the most rigorous scientific methods available, and acknowledgment of the biases inherent in less rigorous research, if we are to make appropriate decisions concerning intervention with frenotomy and to prevent unnecessary oral surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334417706694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]],"date-time":"2017-07-20T12:24:35Z","timestamp":1500553475000},"page":"519-523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Making Sense of Studies That Claim Benefits of Frenotomy in the Absence of Classic Tongue-Tie"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Pamela","family":"Douglas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Possums Clinic, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Maternity, Newborn and Families Research Collaborative, MHIQ, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of General Practice, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0890334417706694","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-1-3"},{"key":"bibr2-0890334417706694","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.06.037"},{"key":"bibr3-0890334417706694","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1850"},{"key":"bibr4-0890334417706694","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brownlee S., Chalkidou K., Doust J., Elshaug A. 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