{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:08:13Z","timestamp":1789718893114,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hum Lact"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little is known about breastfeeding initiation and duration in the context of postpartum marijuana use and safety beliefs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) To describe characteristics of women who used marijuana postpartum; (2) to evaluate the relationship between postpartum marijuana use and breastfeeding behaviors; and 3) to assess, among women who used marijuana postpartum, how safety perceptions are associated with breastfeeding behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the cross-sectional Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a United States national governmental survey, 2017, were analyzed for participants with infants aged \u2265 12 weeks (seven states, unweighted N = 4604). Chi-square tests were used to compare characteristics and counseling for postpartum marijuana use. For participants with postpartum use, adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were calculated to evaluate relationships between safety perceptions and breastfeeding initiation and duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 5.5% (95% CI [4.6, 6.6]) of participants reported postpartum marijuana use; among these women, 47.2% (CI [37.6, 56.9]) were breastfeeding at the time of the survey. Overall, 25.7% of participants indicated that they had been advised, by their prenatal care provider, against marijuana use while breastfeeding. Breastfeeding initiation or duration did not differ by postpartum marijuana use. Among participants with postpartum use, those who perceived marijuana was safe for breastfeeding women to use were more likely to have breastfed (aPR = 1.22, CI [1.04, 1.43]) and have a breastfeeding duration &gt; 12 weeks (aPR = 1.57, CI [1.08, 2.27]) compared to those who perceived it to be unsafe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding maternal safety beliefs and provider education about the latest evidence and guidance related to postpartum marijuana use may improve clinical care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334421993466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T10:11:06Z","timestamp":1613211066000},"page":"803-812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Postpartum Marijuana Use, Perceptions of Safety, and Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration: An Analysis of PRAMS Data From Seven States, 2017"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4540-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey C.","family":"Coy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Haight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Anstey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Althea M.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Director, Deputy Director for Non Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"United States Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Ruffo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Insignia Federal Group, Tysons, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Y.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"United States Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.0162"},{"key":"bibr2-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(90)90129-Z"},{"key":"bibr3-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6511a1"},{"key":"bibr4-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002575"},{"key":"bibr5-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.12.002"},{"key":"bibr6-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2015.0051"},{"key":"bibr7-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1076"},{"key":"bibr8-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17383"},{"key":"bibr9-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-17125"},{"key":"bibr10-0890334421993466","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017).\n                      Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System\n                      (\n                      PRAMS\n                      ) (\n                      Phase 8\n                      ). [Dataset]. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/prams"},{"key":"bibr11-0890334421993466","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Marijuana.\n                      Breastfeeding and special circumstances\n                      . https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/breastfeeding\/breastfeeding-special-circumstances\/vaccinations-medications-drugs\/marijuana.html"},{"key":"bibr12-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.025"},{"key":"bibr13-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002354"},{"key":"bibr14-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.02.005"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr15-0890334421993466","first-page":"349","volume":"51","author":"Djulus J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien"},{"key":"bibr16-0890334421993466","volume-title":"Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) [Internet]","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr17-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3552"},{"key":"bibr18-0890334421993466","unstructured":"Guttmacher Institute. (2020, July 1).\n                      Substance Use During Pregnancy\n                      . https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/state-policy\/explore\/substance-use-during-pregnancy"},{"key":"bibr19-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2016.06.003"},{"key":"bibr20-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.200790152"},{"key":"bibr21-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.08.015"},{"key":"bibr22-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2016.03.010"},{"key":"bibr23-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.03.021"},{"key":"bibr24-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.02.017"},{"key":"bibr25-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000299"},{"key":"bibr26-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002878"},{"key":"bibr27-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.05.025"},{"key":"bibr28-0890334421993466","volume-title":"The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, &amp; Medicine","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr29-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2015.9992"},{"key":"bibr30-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1889"},{"key":"bibr31-0890334421993466","volume-title":"An overview of marijuana policy: Considerations and implications for public health","author":"Schauer G","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr32-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304563"},{"key":"bibr33-0890334421993466","volume-title":"Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP19\u20135068, NSDUH Series H\u201354)","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr34-0890334421993466","volume-title":"Preventing the use of marijuana: Focus on women and pregnancy (SAMHSA publication No. PEP19-PL-Guide-2)","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr35-0890334421993466","first-page":"48","volume":"59","author":"Tennes K.","year":"1985","journal-title":"NIDA Research Monographs"},{"key":"bibr36-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14659891003721133"},{"key":"bibr37-0890334421993466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17225"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Lactation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0890334421993466","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0890334421993466","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0890334421993466","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:33:48Z","timestamp":1777502028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0890334421993466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0890334421993466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0890334421993466","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-3344","1552-5732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-3344","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]]}}}