{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T12:06:16Z","timestamp":1779105976876,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Developing Discipline of the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","award":["2016ZB0101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ZB0101"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTP 87518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTP 87518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001547","name":"China Medical Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14-194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14-194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hum Lact"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is limited evidence about the influence of human milk feeding on short-term outcomes in a large preterm infant population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the influences of human milk feeding on the primary outcome of necrotizing enterocolitis and secondarily sepsis, bronchial pulmonary dysplasia, severe retinopathy of prematurity, death, and the time to achieve full enteral feeding at discharge in very\/extremely low-birth-weight infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was a retrospective, longitudinal, observational two-group comparison cohort study. A total of 4470 very\/extremely low-birth-weight infants from 25 neonatal intensive care units in China, between April 2015 and May 2018, were enrolled in this study. Exclusive human milk-fed and formula-fed participants were matched using propensity scores. After matching, human milk-fed participants ( n = 1379) and formula-fed participants ( n = 1378) were included in the analyses. The likelihood of necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, severe retinopathy of prematurity, death, and the time to achieve full enteral feeding were compared between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exclusive human milk feeding was associated with lower odds of necrotizing enterocolitis (2.90% vs. 8.42%, OR 0.33, 95% CI [0.22, 0.47]), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (15.74% vs. 20.26%, OR 0.69, 95% CI [0.56, 0.86]), severe retinopathy of prematurity (1.45% vs. 2.39%, OR 0.50, 95% CI [0.27, 0.93]), and death (6.02% vs. 10.38%, OR 0.44, 95% CI [0.32, 0.61]) compared with formula feeding. No significant differences in the time to achieve full enteral feeding or the odds of sepsis were found between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exclusive human milk feeding is associated with a reduction in necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe retinopathy of prematurity, and mortality among very\/extremely low-birth-weight infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicaltrials.gov on November 9, 2015 (NCT02600195).<\/jats:p>\n                  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