{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T23:34:24Z","timestamp":1785540864223,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hum Lact"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. It is particularly impactful during breastfeeding infections when identifying risk factors and protective mechanisms is crucial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among breastfeeding women diagnosed with mastitis and breast abscesses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional analysis of longitudinal data was conducted at a Level III medical center in Italy from January 2016 to December 2020. A total of 203 women were enrolled following diagnoses of mastitis or breast abscesses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 156 women who tested positive for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, culture antibiograms identified 29.6% as methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA). Additionally, six women exhibited clindamycin-resistant S. aureus. Exclusive breastfeeding at discharge (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.40, 95% CI [0.26, 0.84],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) and rooming-in (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.34, 95% CI [0.15, 0.79],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) were significantly associated with reduced odds of methicillin-resistant infections; although these findings are based on unadjusted odds ratios. Conversely, the use of breastfeeding aids in-hospital was not significantly associated with odds of resistant bacterial infections (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      2.02, 95% CI [0.97, 4.18],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.06).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study underscores the antibiotic resistance scenario of microorganisms causing mastitis and abscesses in our setting. Implementing microbiological surveillance in mother\u2013child settings could aid in identifying local resistance patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08903344251363599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T10:43:12Z","timestamp":1760697792000},"page":"514-523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antibiotic Resistance in Breastfeeding Diseases: A Multidisciplinary Study in an Italian Level III Medical Center"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3569-0780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Pileri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Coco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8639-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Lubrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Sciences-Doctoral Programme (PhD), Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina Ilaria","family":"Mazzocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Giani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Breast Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1935-8750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Giordana","family":"Rimoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Diagnostics of Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessanda","family":"Sartani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Surgery Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Bottino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Cetin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics Mangiagalli, IRCCS CA\u2019 GRANDA Foundation, Maggiore Polyclinic Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial-resistance"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/breastfeeding#tab=tab_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","unstructured":"Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco. 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