{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T23:52:19Z","timestamp":1777852339404,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hum Lact"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fresh human milk for preterm infants is associated with a reduction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, to improve survival without major complications, and with an increased breastfeeding duration. Nevertheless, its administration is frequently restricted due to the risk of post-natal cytomegalovirus infection. Looking at 12\u2009years of medical records in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit using fresh milk without restriction, we retrospectively collected cases of symptomatic postnatal cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants born under 32\u2009weeks receiving fresh milk. We present the prevalence and outcome of postnatal milk-acquired cytomegalovirus infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main issue:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 2554 preterm newborns &lt; 32\u2009weeks hospitalized during the study period (2009\u20132020), 1396 (54%) had received fresh milk, and eight newborns developed a symptomatic postnatal cytomegalovirus infection, representing an incidence of 5\/1000 patients. Clinical presentation was severe in three out of the eight cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Management:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two patients received valganciclovir, and one patient died of the infection. After 2\u2009years of follow-up, two patients had neurodevelopmental delay, including one who had abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging before the cytomegalovirus infection. Liver function was normal. Breastfeeding was continued for all surviving patients with a mean duration of 4.5\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fresh milk administration without restriction was associated with a limited number of symptomatic postnatal cytomegalovirus infections. Neonatologists must be aware of this risk to better diagnose and manage the infection. Multicenter studies are required to investigate which preterm infants are most at risk of severe postnatal cytomegalovirus, and to determine the optimal approach to prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08903344251373047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:26:33Z","timestamp":1760059593000},"page":"506-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fresh Milk Administration and Cytomegalovirus Infection in Preterm Neonates: A Case Study Approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Pauline","family":"Ragon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, CHU de Reims, Reims, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yahia","family":"Mekki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Laborie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, H\u00f4pital Femme M\u00e8re Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, H\u00f4pital Femme M\u00e8re Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Plaisant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, H\u00f4pital Femme M\u00e8re Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9453-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marine","family":"Butin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, H\u00f4pital Femme M\u00e8re Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France"},{"name":"International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bapistella S. 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