{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T23:52:21Z","timestamp":1777852341059,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hum Lact"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) is widely recommended for preterm infants when their mother\u2019s own milk is unavailable. Storage duration of frozen PDHM varies across countries. In Japan, PDHM is stored at \u221230 \u00b0C; however, there is no information on whether long-term storage at \u221230 \u00b0C affects PDHM quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the effects of freezing at \u221230 \u00b0C for 6, 9, and 12\u2009months after expression on bacterial growth and nutrient content of PDHM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was an experimental laboratory study of nutrient and bacterial stability over time. A total of 20 milk samples were pasteurized within 3\u2009months after expression and stored at \u221230 \u00b0C. Bacterial counts and levels of macronutrients, minerals, secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and lactoferrin in PDHM were analyzed after pasteurization and at 6, 9 and 12\u2009months after expression. A Friedman test followed by a Bonferroni-adjusted Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No bacteria were detected in the 20 samples after pasteurization or at any time point. When the concentrations of nutrients were compared to the values immediately after pasteurization, carbohydrates at 9 and 12\u2009months and zinc at 12\u2009months showed slight increases, but the respective increases were minimal (carbohydrate: +3.2% at 9\u2009months and +3.8% at 12\u2009months; zinc: +7.8% at 12\u2009months). The concentrations of protein, fat, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sIgA, and lactoferrin remained stable at 6, 9, and 12\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that PDHM can be safely stored at \u221230 \u00b0C for 12\u2009months after expression without compromising bacterial safety and nutritional quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08903344251401544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T10:48:47Z","timestamp":1769683727000},"page":"184-190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Frozen Storage on Macronutrient, Mineral, and Immune Component Content of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2690-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miori","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nippon Foundation Human Milk Bank, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kasumi","family":"Takayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nippon Foundation Human Milk Bank, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Midori","family":"Date","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nippon Foundation Human Milk Bank, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagisa","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nippon Foundation Human Milk Bank, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6983-8851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsumi","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nippon Foundation Human Milk Bank, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Showa Medical University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahrabi A. 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