{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:02:09Z","timestamp":1781787729606,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hum Lact"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with spinal cord injuries are capable of lactation but physiologic changes affect their experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The goal of this scoping review was to characterize, synthesize, and evaluate the current evidence on lactation and breastfeeding among women with spinal cord injuries to inform care practices, highlight gaps in knowledge, and guide the development of interventions to improve lactational outcomes and wellbeing during this process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A scoping review was performed to assess the existing literature and identify knowledge gaps. Four databases were searched up to February 11, 2025 to identify documents of original research that included mothers with spinal cord injuries and addressed lactation or breastfeeding. The final review included four conference abstracts and three articles for a total of seven documents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three conference abstracts and one of the articles utilized the same data set collected from a set of online questionnaires. Four themes were identified. Barriers and complications to breastfeeding mainly involved insufficient milk production, impaired let-down reflex, and episodes of autonomic dysreflexia. Lactation duration and reasons for cessation were directly affected by the level of spinal cord injury. Other themes identified include an impact on mental health and the limited knowledge about reproductive health for women with spinal cord injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a significant lack of research and information available on lactation in women with spinal cord injuries. Clinicians and researchers must work together to continue to address deficits in this topic. Furthermore, multidisciplinary teams are necessary to support breastfeeding for these women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08903344261420034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:52:41Z","timestamp":1773449561000},"page":"293-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lactation and Breastfeeding in Women With Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1089-9568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edel","family":"Auh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern McGaw\/Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Twist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Berri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arksey H. O\u2019Malley L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8(1) 19\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1364557032000119616","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"575","article-title":"The impact of spinal cord injury on women\u2019s fertility and lactation","volume":"39","author":"Elliott S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elliott S., Hocaloski S. (2016). The impact of spinal cord injury on women\u2019s fertility and lactation [Abstract from Academy of Spinal Cord Injury Professionals Conference]. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 39(5), 575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10790268.2016.1207960","journal-title":"The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"613","article-title":"The impact of spinal cord injury on the ability for women to lactate and breastfeed","volume":"39","author":"Holmgren T.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holmgren T., Hocaloski S., Hamilton L., Hellsing I., Elliott S., Hultling C., Krassioukov A. V. (2016). The impact of spinal cord injury on the ability for women to lactate and breastfeed [Abstract from Academy of Spinal Cord Injury Professionals Conference]. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 39(5), 613\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10790268.2016.1207960","journal-title":"The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmgren T. Lee A. H. X. Hocaloski S. Hamilton L. J. Hellsing I. Elliott S. Hultling C. Krassioukov A. V. (2018). The influence of spinal cord injury on breastfeeding ability and behavior. Journal of Human Lactation 34(3) 556\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0890334418774014","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334418774014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krassioukov A. Elliott S. Hocaloski S. Krassioukova-Enns O. Hodge K. Gillespie S. Caves S. Thorson T. Alford L. Basso M. McCracken L. Lee A. Anderson K. Andretta E. Chhabra H. S. Hultling C. Rapidi C. A. Sorensen F. B. Zobina I. . . . Berri M. (2024a). Breastfeeding following spinal cord injury: Consumer guide for mothers. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 30(2) 54\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46292\/sci23-00080","DOI":"10.46292\/sci23-00080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krassioukov A. Elliott S. Hocaloski S. Krassioukova-Enns O. Hodge K. Gillespie S. Caves S. Thorson T. Alford L. Basso M. McCracken L. Lee A. Anderson K. Andretta E. Chhabra H. S. Hultling C. Rapidi C. A. S\u00f8rensen F. B. Zobina I. Berri M. (2024b). Motherhood after spinal cord injury: Breastfeeding autonomic dysreflexia and psychosocial health: Clinical practice guidelines. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 30(2) 9\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46292\/sci23-00079","DOI":"10.46292\/sci23-00079"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","first-page":"537","article-title":"Women\u2019s health after spinal cord injury: Focus on pregnancy and breastfeeding","volume":"19","author":"Krassioukov A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krassioukov A., Lee A., Elliott S., Wen B., Walter M., Hocaloski S., Hodge K., Sandholdt N., Hultling C. (2019). Women\u2019s health after spinal cord injury: Focus on pregnancy and breastfeeding [Abstract from Proceedings of Hellenic Spinal Cord Section of the Hellenic Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine National Congress]. Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions, 19(4), 537.","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","article-title":"Motherhood after spinal cord injury: lactation, breastfeeding and autonomic dysreflexia","volume":"35","author":"Lee A. H. X.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee A. H. X., Hocaloski S., Elliott S., Wen B., Hodge K., Sandholt N., Basso M., Walter M., Hultling C., Krassioukov A. V. (2018). Motherhood after spinal cord injury: lactation, breastfeeding and autonomic dysreflexia [Abstract from 3rd Joint Symposium of the International and National Neurotrauma Societies and AANS]. Journal of Neurotrauma, 35(16), Article 166.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee A. H. X. Tse E. K. Nightingale T. E. Sachdeva R. Walter M. Krassioukov A. V. (2023). Cannabis health survey on usage in women with spinal cord injury and knowledge among physicians: A cross-sectional study. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine 46(2) 291\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10790268.2022.2038049","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2022.2038049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levac D. Colquhoun H. O\u2019Brien K. K. (2010). Scoping studies: Advancing the methodology. Implementation Science 5 Article 69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazzia C. Berndl A. (2023). Obstetric and neonatal outcomes in people who acquired a spinal cord injury during pregnancy. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 45(5) 314\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogc.2023.02.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2023.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moher D. Hopewell S. Schulz K. F. Montori V. G\u00f8tzsche P. C. Devereaux P. J. Elbourne D. Egger M. Altman D. G. (2010). CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 340 Article c869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.c869","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safdarian M. Trinka E. Rahimi-Movaghar V. Thomschewski A. Aali A. Abady G. G. Abate S. M. Abd-Allah F. Abedi A. Adane D. E. Afzal S. Ahinkorah B. O. Ahmad S. Ahmed H. Amanat N. Angappan D. Arabloo J. Aryannejad A. Athari S. S. Shetty P. H. (2023). Global regional and national burden of spinal cord injury 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Neurology 22(11) 1026\u20131047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00287-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00287-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tricco A. C. Lillie E. Zarin W. O\u2019Brien K. K. Colquhoun H. Levac D. Moher D. Peters M. D. J. Horsley T. Weeks L. Hempel S. Akl E. A. Chang C. McGowan J. Stewart L. Hartling L. Aldcroft A. Wilson M. G. Garritty C. Straus S. E. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine 169(7) 467\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M18-0850","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Elm E. Altman D. G. Egger M. Pocock S. J. G\u00f8tzsche P. C. Vandenbroucke J. P. (2008). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology [STROBE] statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 61(4) 344\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2025). Exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Eastern Mediterranean Region. https:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/nutrition\/breastfeeding\/index.html"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Lactation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08903344261420034","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08903344261420034","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08903344261420034","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T12:50:38Z","timestamp":1781787038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08903344261420034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08903344261420034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08903344261420034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-3344","1552-5732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-3344","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]}}}