{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:05:43Z","timestamp":1787508343065,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Hum Lact"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transgender women choosing to become parents may wish to undergo lactation induction protocols so they can participate in breastfeeding. Several reports have been published describing lactation induction in transgender women using domperidone-based protocols. Although domperidone is generally well-tolerated, it carries risks for ventricular arrhythmias, and providers may be wary of using domperidone in individuals who have any abnormal findings on electrocardiogram (EKG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Issue:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here we report successful use of a domperidone-based protocol to induce lactation in a transgender woman who showed multiple EKG abnormalities over the clinical course, including first degree atrioventricular block and right bundle branch block, as well as non-pathogenic QT elongation while on a therapeutic dose of domperidone. We also highlight institutional barriers that our patient faced when seeking out medical assistance for lactation induction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Domperidone can be safely deployed for lactation induction in transgender women, but monitoring for potential cardiac adverse events is essential. We encourage clinicians lacking experience in lactation induction to engage with transgender patients seeking this type of care in a collaborative manner, rather than refusing outright to provide care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08903344261464897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T08:51:36Z","timestamp":1784105496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lactation Induction in a Transgender Woman With Electrocardiogram Abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7018-8063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Horak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grand Rapids, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"DeLeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grand Rapids, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"A review of herbal and pharmaceutical galactagogues for breast-feeding","volume":"16","author":"Bazzano A. N.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bazzano A. N., Hofer R., Thibeau S., Little T., Gillispie V. (2016). A review of herbal and pharmaceutical galactagogues for breast-feeding. Ochsner Journal, 16(4), 511\u2013524.","journal-title":"Ochsner Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertollo L. P. Campos L. A. Suzuki T. A. Lannes A. Caldas P. C. (2024). Lactation induction for transgender women and transfeminine people in health care: A scoping review. Ci\u00eancia & Sa\u00fade Coletiva 29 Article e18232023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1413-81232024294.18232023","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232024294.18232023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elkin B. Duran A. Rauwerdink K. Mitzner J. (2024). Inducing lactation in a transgender woman without galactagogues: A case report. Journal of General Internal Medicine 39(11) 2110\u20132113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-024-08808-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-024-08808-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hale T. W. Kendall-Tackett K. Cong Z. (2018). Domperidone versus metoclopramide: Self-reported side effects in a large sample of breastfeeding mothers who used these medications to increase milk production. Clinical Lactation 9(1) 10\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/2158-0782.9.1.10","DOI":"10.1891\/2158-0782.9.1.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maideen N. M. P. Barakat I. R. Jumale A. H. (2024). Domperidone-associated ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death: A descriptive literature review. New Emirates Medical Journal 5(1) Article e180723218857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0250688204666230718142031","DOI":"10.2174\/0250688204666230718142031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milionis C. Ilias I. Koukkou E. (2022). Progesterone in gender-affirming therapy of trans women. World Journal of Biological Chemistry 13(3) Article 66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4331\/wjbc.v13.i3.66","DOI":"10.4331\/wjbc.v13.i3.66"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ou L. B. Moriello C. Douros A. Yin H. Filion K. B. Platt R. W. (2021). Domperidone and the risks of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 87(10) 3649\u20133658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.14737","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14737"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prentice A. M. (2022). Breastfeeding in the modern world. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 78(Suppl. 2) 29\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000524354","DOI":"10.1159\/000524354"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reisman T. Goldstein Z. (2018). Case report: Induced lactation in a transgender woman. Transgender Health 3(1) 24\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/trgh.2017.0044","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2017.0044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen Q. Khan K. S. Du M. C. Zhang J. (2021). Efficacy and safety of domperidone and metoclopramide in breastfeeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Breastfeeding Medicine 16(7) 516\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bfm.2020.0360","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2020.0360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trahair E. D. Kokosa S. Weinhold A. Jones H. (2024). Novel lactation induction protocol for a transgender woman wishing to breastfeed: A case report. Breastfeeding Medicine 19(4) 301\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bfm.2024.00","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2024.0012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trautner E. McCool-Myers M. Joyner A. B. (2020). Knowledge and practice of induction of lactation in trans women among professionals working in trans health. International Breastfeeding Journal 15(1) 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13006-020-00308-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-020-00308-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2023). Information about Domperidone. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/information-drug-class\/information-about-domperidone"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Amesfoort J. E. Van Mello N. M. van Genugten R. (2024). Lactation induction in a transgender woman: Case report and recommendations for clinical practice. International Breastfeeding Journal 19(1) Article 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13006-024-00624-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-024-00624-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wamboldt R. Shuster S. Sidhu B. S. (2021). Lactation induction in a transgender woman wanting to breastfeed: Case report. 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