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We performed a systematic review of all studies pertaining to the effects of lithium on the kidney in older adults. The ARF incidence was 1.5% per person-year and concurrent loop diuretic and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use with lithium increased the risk. The CRF prevalence estimates varied from 1.2% to 34%, with risk factors including age, previous lithium intoxication, polyuria, previously impaired renal function, and decreased maximal urine osmolality. The prevalence of NDI varied widely from 1.8%\u00a0 to 85%. Risk factors included lithium duration, dose, level, slow-release formulation, and clinical nonresponse. Except for amiloride use in NDI, there is little evidence for treatment of other lithium-induced adverse renal effects. Currently, there is no compelling evidence to suggest that lithium should be avoided in elderly patients for fear of renal side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988712436690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T17:55:49Z","timestamp":1333130149000},"page":"51-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["The Effects of Lithium on Renal Function in Older Adults\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Soham","family":"Rej","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Resident, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry, Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 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