{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:34:29Z","timestamp":1790008469155,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]],"date-time":"2014-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated in a community sample associations of 2 different measures of unawareness of memory impairment in dementia with cognitive variables and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Design\u2014cross-sectional, population-based survey. Settings\u2014community samples (n = 15 022) from 3 world regions (Latin America, China, and India). Participants\u2014829 people with dementia identified from standardized interviews and diagnostic algorithms. Measurements\u2014unawareness of memory deficits was measured in 2 ways: comparison of participant subjective report with either objective performance on memory tests or informant report (IR). Associations were investigated using prevalence ratios and Poisson regressions. Differences in frequency of unawareness were explored with McNemar tests for each region and agreement between variables calculated with Cohen \u03ba.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The unawareness variable based on comparison with performance was associated with cognitive variables, such as fluency (in China) and visuospatial impairments (Latin America and India), and behavioral symptoms, such as mania (Latin America) and hallucinations (China). The unawareness variable based on IR was associated only with behavioral symptoms, such as anxiety (in China and India) and hallucinations and mania (Latin America). Frequency of unawareness was significantly higher in the unawareness variable based on performance in India. Agreement between the 2 unawareness variables was moderate in Latin America and China but only slight in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Different ways of measuring unawareness are differentially associated with influencing factors. Informant-based unawareness measures may be more subjective and less sensitive than variables taking into account actual performance on cognitive tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988714541868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]],"date-time":"2014-07-10T01:47:04Z","timestamp":1404956824000},"page":"3-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Neuropsychological and Behavioral Disturbance Correlates of Unawareness of Memory Impairment in Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Mograbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cleusa P.","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Psychiatry, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo - Department of Psychobiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital Alemao Oswaldo Cruz - Institute of Health Education and Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Psychiatry, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana L.","family":"Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Psychiatry, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerson","family":"Laks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Center for Research and Studies on Aging, Institute Vital Brazil, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin G.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198508304.003.0017"},{"key":"bibr2-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70696-8"},{"key":"bibr3-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799003098"},{"key":"bibr4-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01745.x"},{"key":"bibr5-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/37.1.20"},{"key":"bibr6-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607869856876"},{"key":"bibr7-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(94)00091-3"},{"key":"bibr8-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930050107"},{"key":"bibr9-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000117056"},{"key":"bibr10-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.5.748"},{"key":"bibr11-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2705"},{"key":"bibr12-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930081008"},{"key":"bibr13-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860500143075"},{"key":"bibr14-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1360786031000072286"},{"key":"bibr15-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710000056"},{"key":"bibr16-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860500142903"},{"key":"bibr17-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211002730"},{"key":"bibr18-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-165"},{"key":"bibr19-0891988714541868","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr20-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12772-9"},{"key":"bibr21-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-219"},{"key":"bibr22-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.667"},{"key":"bibr23-0891988714541868","volume-title":"Tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases","author":"World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines, MNH\/MEP\/87","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr24-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a"},{"key":"bibr25-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610296002852"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr26-0891988714541868","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"Hall K","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Meth Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"bibr27-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.12.2.233"},{"key":"bibr28-0891988714541868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0959259800010352"},{"key":"bibr29-0891988714541868","unstructured":"StatCorp. 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