{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:11:04Z","timestamp":1790172664962,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,16]],"date-time":"2019-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"NHLBI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN268201100005C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100005C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Infections of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Helicobacter pylori, and Chlamydia pneumoniae may play a role in cognitive decline via systemic inflammation. We hypothesized that Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants who were seropositive in midlife for antibodies to HSV-1, CMV, H pylori, or C pneumoniae would have an accelerated rate of cognitive decline over 20 years. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities performed a case-cohort study involving a stratified random sample of participants tested for serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to the pathogens of interest. We conducted a longitudinal study using this cohort. Cognitive change was measured using Z scores from the Delayed Word Recall (DWR), Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS), and Word Fluency (WF) Tests administered at visits 2 (1990-1992), 4 (1996-1998), and 5 (2011-2013). Linear regression models with generalized estimating equations and inverse probability of attrition weights were used to evaluate associations between infection and cognitive performance. Four hundred twenty-six participants were analyzed, of which 3% were seronegative for all 4 infections, 14% seropositive for one, 33% and 34% seropositive for 2 and 3, respectively, and 16% seropositive for all infections. At baseline, test scores were significantly lower for participants seropositive for H pylori and C pneumoniae. After baseline covariate adjustment, the rate of decline in DWR, DSS, WF, and global Z scores did not differ significantly by infection status for any of the 4 infections. There was also no significant association between the number of infections for which participants were seropositive and cognitive decline. Our study provides no evidence supporting a longitudinal relationship between seropositivity and cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988719856692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,16]],"date-time":"2019-06-16T23:52:30Z","timestamp":1560729150000},"page":"15-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["No Association Found Between Midlife Seropositivity for Infection and Subsequent Cognitive Decline: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8773-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen M.","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron R.","family":"Folsom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faye L.","family":"Norby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela L.","family":"Lutsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-120710-100328"},{"key":"bibr2-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-3-201008030-00258"},{"key":"bibr3-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70537-3"},{"key":"bibr4-0891988719856692","unstructured":"Herpes Simplex Virus. World Health Organization. 2017; http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs400\/en\/. Accessed February 5, 2017."},{"key":"bibr5-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142853"},{"key":"bibr6-0891988719856692","unstructured":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2016; https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cmv\/overview.html. Accessed February 5, 2017."},{"key":"bibr7-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)10149-5"},{"key":"bibr8-0891988719856692","unstructured":"Helicobacter pylori\n                      . World Health Organization. 2008; http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/topics\/helicobacter_pylori\/en\/. Accessed April 21, 2017."},{"key":"bibr9-0891988719856692","unstructured":"Neurological Consequences of Cytomegalovirus Infection. National Institute of Neurobiological Disorders and Stroke. 2017; http:\/\/www.brainfacts.org\/diseases-disorders\/diseases-a-to-z-from-ninds\/neurological-consequences-of-cytomegalovrius-infection\/. Accessed February 5, 2017."},{"key":"bibr10-0891988719856692","unstructured":"Chlamydia Pneumoniae\n                      infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2016; https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/pneumonia\/atypical\/cpneumoniae\/about\/fast-facts.html. Accessed February 6, 2017."},{"key":"bibr11-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.5.1174"},{"key":"bibr12-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.3.252"},{"key":"bibr13-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2449"},{"key":"bibr14-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.2001.0465"},{"key":"bibr15-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300050071"},{"key":"bibr16-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-002-0019-x"},{"key":"bibr17-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxs007"},{"key":"bibr18-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890420107"},{"key":"bibr19-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.9.845"},{"key":"bibr20-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90332-J"},{"key":"bibr21-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000379"},{"key":"bibr22-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.11.007"},{"key":"bibr23-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136181"},{"key":"bibr24-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3182299496"},{"key":"bibr25-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.1658"},{"key":"bibr26-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.1646"},{"key":"bibr27-0891988719856692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.176818"}],"container-title":["Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0891988719856692","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0891988719856692","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0891988719856692","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:15:50Z","timestamp":1777500950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0891988719856692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,16]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0891988719856692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0891988719856692","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-9887","1552-5708"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-9887","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5708","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,16]]}}}