{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T23:32:11Z","timestamp":1777851131521,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our aim is to evaluate the intricate dynamics of gender differences in cognitive rehabilitation outcomes among older adults with MS undergoing cognitive rehabilitation using robotics plus virtual reality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included 80 RRMS patients aged &gt;60\u00a0years, matched for demographic and clinical variables and divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG, n = 40) received Lokomat Free-D training with VR integration, while the control group (CG, n = 40) underwent traditional rehabilitation. Cognitive, functional, and emotional outcomes were assessed before and after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intergroup analysis revealed significantly greater improvements in the EG compared to the CG in MoCA (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001 in males,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001 in females), FIM (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02 in females), and HRS-A (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01 in males,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005 in females). Within-group analyses showed that both males and females in the EG experienced significant improvements across all domains (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), but in the CG, improvements were more limited, particularly in mood scores. Notably, a positive correlation between MoCA and gender was found in EG (r = 0.47;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002), suggesting stronger cognitive gains among women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results provide preliminary data on the influence of gender differences on neurological rehabilitation outcomes, which should be evaluated and taken into due consideration to personalize and improve rehabilitation treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08919887251354899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T04:02:28Z","timestamp":1754020948000},"page":"196-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex Differences in Elderly Multiple Sclerosis Patients Undergoing Neurorehabilitation: How Many Things are Taken for Granted? 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