{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T06:43:56Z","timestamp":1792219436417,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular medications are commonly prescribed to older adults; however, their potential association with cognitive decline remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to systematically evaluate the relationship between cardiovascular drugs and the risk of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) A retrospective disproportionality analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System data, accessed via OpenVigil 2.1, which examined 97 cardiovascular drugs across 14 therapeutic categories in patients aged \u226560 years, and (2) a literature review of case-reports of drug-induced cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 97 drugs analyzed, disproportionate reporting signals (indicating more frequent reporting than expected by chance) were identified for 38 (39.2%) across four types of dementia: dementia (13.4%), Alzheimer\u2019s disease (16.5%), vascular dementia (18.6%), and dementia with Lewy-bodies (6.2%). ACE inhibitors exhibited the highest signal rate (75.0%). Thirteen case-reports were identified, primarily involving statins (53.8%). Discontinuation of the drug resulted in cognitive improvement in 12\/13 cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identifies disproportionate dementia-related adverse event reporting for nearly 40% of cardiovascular drugs examined, with ACE inhibitors and ARBs showing the highest signal rates. However, these findings are preliminary and require validation through future pharmacoepidemiological studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08919887251415199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T11:35:21Z","timestamp":1767440121000},"page":"727-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiovascular Medications and Dementia Risk in Older Adults: A Literature Review and Disproportionality Analysis Using OpenVigil FAERS Data"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9865-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jehath","family":"Syed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amruta","family":"Potdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sri Harsha","family":"Chalasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22378-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt264"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","volume-title":"Alzheimer's disease International","author":"Alzheimer's Disease International","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Disease International. 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