{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T23:32:22Z","timestamp":1777851142931,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review aims to evaluate recent evidence on interventions for sleep disturbances in dementia, a major clinical concern, with limited pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies examined in controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included eight RCTs (N = 666 participants; 2020 \u2013 January 2025) in people with dementia and sleep disturbances. Records were identified via MEDLINE, screened using PRISMA-guidelines, and non-randomized or non-intervention studies were excluded. Risk-of-bias was assessed with Cochrane RoB2, and effect sizes (Cohen\u2019s d) were calculated in R.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Z-drugs indicated small-large benefits, with eszopiclone significantly improving sleep efficiency and latency. Orexin receptor antagonists indicated mixed evidence, with low-dose lemborexant (2.5\u00a0mg) most favorable, meeting benchmarks for nocturnal awakenings. Circadian modulation light therapy was associated with reduced nocturnal awakenings in small trials, while relaxation-based music therapy indicated little to no effect. Social stimulation with PARO indicated increased sleep time and large positive effects on sleep efficiency, despite missing clinical benchmarks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Evidence is limited by sparse reporting and few trials per intervention. Z-drug eszopiclone, low-dose ORA lemborexant, and social stimulation PARO show the most favorable profile across outcomes and benchmarks, but pharmacological options require careful risk\u2013benefit consideration. Non-pharmacological approaches appear safer but under-researched. Future trials should standardize outcomes and tailor strategies to patient needs. No external funding. The review was registered in INPLASY:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37766\/inplasy2025.1.0097\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37766\/inplasy2025.1.0097<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08919887261436696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T20:12:47Z","timestamp":1774296767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment Options for Sleep Disturbances in Dementia: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4797-2718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duc Viet","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1114-5024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnim","family":"Quante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Friedrich von Bodelschwingh Klinik, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2014.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-77904-7_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101782"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","first-page":"233","article-title":"The neuroprotective aspects of sleep","volume":"11","author":"Eugene AR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eugene AR, Masiak J. 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