{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:02:04Z","timestamp":1789639324439,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nurs Sci Q"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Insufficient and poor sleep quality significantly impacts the health and quality of life of persons with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) on hemodialysis. This study explored the effectiveness of teaching patients on hemodialysis, Benson\u2019s relaxation technique. Seventy-one persons on hemodialysis in Iraq were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group. The experimental group received training and encouragement to use the Benson relaxation technique. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score was collected for all the patients before and after the intervention. After 8 weeks a repeated measurement of the post-test on sleep quality was done for both groups. The experimental group showed a statistically significant pre- and post-test difference. The findings suggest that Benson\u2019s relaxation approach improves the quality of sleep for persons on hemodialysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08943184251388304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T11:11:49Z","timestamp":1762168309000},"page":"309-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improving Sleep Quality for Persons on Hemodialysis in Iraq"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Amer Mushasin","family":"Nasir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4306-6830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa Jawad","family":"Kadhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam Mokhtari","family":"Seghaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hazrat Rasoul Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Ahmadi Chenari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Khachian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2155-848X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven L.","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunter College, CUNY, NYC, Williston Park, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu Maloh H. I. A. Soh K. L. AbuRuz M. E Chong S. C. Ismail S. I. F. Soh K. G. Abu Maloh D. I. (2022). Efficacy of Benson\u2019s Relaxation Technique on anxiety and depression among patients undergoing hemodialysis: A systematic review. Clinical Nursing Research 31(1) 122\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10547738211024797","DOI":"10.1177\/10547738211024797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshammari B. Alkubati S. A. Pasay-an E. Alrasheeday A. Alshammari H. B. Asiri S. M. Alshammari S. B. Sayed F. Madkhali N. Laput V. Alshammari F. (2023). Sleep quality and its affecting factors among hemodialysis patients: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Healthcare 11(18) Article 2536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare11182536","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11182536"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"The relaxation response","author":"Benson H.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Benson H., Klipper M. Z. (1975). The relaxation response. 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The effect of Benson\u2019s Relaxation Technique on anxiety depression and sleep quality of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. International Journal of Nursing Didactics 28(2) 23\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15520\/ijnd.v9i02.2443","DOI":"10.15520\/ijnd.v9i02.2443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirghaed M. T. Sepehrian R. Rakhshan A. Gorji H. (2019). Sleep quality in Iranian hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research 24(6) 403\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijnmr.IJNMR_184_18","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnmr.IJNMR_184_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mixson A. Waller J. L. Bollag W. B. Taskar V. Baer S. L. Padala S. Healy W. J. (2023). The effect of sleep disorder diagnosis on mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Applied Sciences 13(9) Article 5354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app13095354","DOI":"10.3390\/app13095354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan K. C. Hung S. Y. Chen C. I. Lu C. Y. Shih M. L. Huang C. Y. (2019). Social support as a mediator between sleep disturbances depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis. PloS One 14(4) Aritcle e0216045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0216045","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rambod M. Pourali-Mohammadi N. Pasyar N. Rafii F. Sharif F. (2013). The effect of Benson\u2019s relaxation technique on the quality of sleep of Iranian hemodialysis patients: A randomized trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 21(6) 577\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2013.08.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2013.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suleiman K. 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