{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:09:26Z","timestamp":1789063766980,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nurs Sci Q"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Aspiration pneumonia and dysphagia remain significant health problems after intubation. This study reports on an evaluation of using the Gugging Swallowing Screen for early detection of aspiration pneumonia and dysphagia after extubation. A quasi-experimental design study was used involving 128 participants randomly assigned to two groups: an intervention group and a control group. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">U<\/jats:italic>\n                    test and analysis of covariance. After the nutritional intervention according to the Gugging Swallowing Scale, the results showed a reduction in the total score for aspiration pneumonia in the global assessment of swallowing function. The mean score in the intervention group was 4.31 \u00b1 1.029, which was higher than that in the control group (3.12 \u00b1 1.467), reflecting the positive results of the intervention. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the intervention in reducing aspiration pneumonia and improving swallowing function after the intervention period.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08943184261470586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:17:24Z","timestamp":1788848244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using the Gugging Swallowing Screen After Intubation in Iraq"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Nawras Munther","family":"Abdul-Sadah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4306-6830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa Jawad","family":"Kadhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Ahmadi Chenari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Ferdows Faculty of Medical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2155-848X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven L.","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunter College, CUNY, NYC, Williston Park, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armas-Navarro L. P. Santana-Padilla Y. G. Mendoza-Segura L. Ramos-D\u00edaz M. Santana-L\u00f3pez B. N. Alcaraz-Jim\u00e9nez J. A. Rico-Rodr\u00edguez J. Santana-Cabrera L. (2023). Dysphagia in intensive care a real problem: analysis of risk factors. Enfermeria Intensiva 34(3) 115-125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enfie.2022.08.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enfie.2022.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J. Lu G. Wang Z. Zhang J. Ding J. Zeng Q. Chai L. Zhao L. Yu H. Li Y. (2024). Prediction models for dysphagia in intensive care unit after mechanical ventilation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Laryngoscope 134(2) 517-525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.30931","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30931"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clayton N. A. Ward E. C. Norman E. Ryan H. Kol M. R. (2024). Speech pathology assessment of dysphagia post endotracheal extubation: A service-model evaluation. 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(2024). Management of swallowing disorders in ICU patients\u2014A multinational expert opinion. Journal of Critical Care 79 154447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2023.154447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2023.154447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macht M. King C. J. Wimbish T. Clark B. J. Benson A. B. Burnham E. L. Williams A. Moss M. (2013). Post-extubation dysphagia is associated with longer hospitalization in survivors of critical illness with neurologic impairment. Critical Care (London England) 17(3) R119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc12791","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macht M. Wimbish T. Bodine C. Moss M. (2013). ICU-acquired swallowing disorders. Critical Care Medicine 41(10) 2396-2405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31829caf33","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31829caf33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez de Lagr\u00e1n Zurbano I. Laguna L. B. Soria C. V. Guisasola C. P. Marcos-Neira P. (2023). Utility of the modified Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test for bedside screening of dysphagia in critically ill patients. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 53 214-223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2022.12.021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2022.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poulsen S. H. Rosenvinge P. M. Modlinski R. M. Olesen M. D. Rasmussen H. H. Holst M. (2021). Signs of dysphagia and associated outcomes regarding mortality length of hospital stay and readmissions in acute geriatric patients: Observational prospective study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 45 412-419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.07.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trapl M. Enderle P. Nowotny M. Teuschl Y. Matz K. Dachenhausen A. Brainin M. (2007). Dysphagia bedside screening for acute-stroke patients: the Gugging Swallowing Screen. 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