{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T15:13:44Z","timestamp":1788102824821,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nurs Sci Q"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Team Empowerment Theory, developed by Christina Sieloff, is a middle-range nursing theory that emphasizes power as a positive resource for enhancing team effectiveness. This article evaluates the theory using Fawcett\u2019s six criteria: significance, internal consistency, parsimony, testability, empirical adequacy, and pragmatic adequacy. The theory aligns with the nursing metaparadigm, demonstrates conceptual clarity, and is supported by a standardized measurement instrument and empirical studies linking empowerment to organizational and patient outcomes. The conceptualization of certain elements, such as \u201cresources,\u201d remains insufficiently defined, limiting theoretical clarity. Ongoing refinement of these definitions is essential to strengthen theoretical clarity and ensure broader applicability across nursing contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08943184261473391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:46:00Z","timestamp":1787795160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Team Empowerment Theory Using Fawcett\u2019s Criteria"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1575-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erdogan","family":"Yolbas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Nursing Management Department, Yalova University Faculty of Health Science, Yalova, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6383-9351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seher","family":"Basaran-Acil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Nursing Management Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2008.00647.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00012272-197810000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fawcett J. (2005). Criteria for evaluation of theory. Nursing Science Quarterly 18(2) 131\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0894318405274823","DOI":"10.1177\/0894318405274823"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894318405277523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friend M. L. Sieloff C. L. (2018). Empowerment in nursing literature: An update and look to the future. Nursing Science Quarterly 31(4) 355\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0894318418792887","DOI":"10.1177\/0894318418792887"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friend M. L. (2015). Group empowerment in nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education 54(12) 689\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01484834-20151110-05","DOI":"10.3928\/01484834-20151110-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friend M. L. Sieloff C. L. Murphy S. Leeper J. (2016). Content and factor validation of the Sieloff-King-Friend Assessment of Group Empowerment within educational organizations. Nurse Education Today 42 78\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2016.04.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2016.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2391831"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","unstructured":"Jingying L. Lingli X. Yudi C. (2020). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Sieloff-King Assessment of Work Team\/Group Empowerment with Organization. Chinese Nursing Management 20(12) 1806\u20131811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1672-1756.2020.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","volume-title":"A theory for nursing: Systems, concepts, process","author":"King I. M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"King I. M. (1981). A theory for nursing: Systems, concepts, process. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko Y. Yu S. Jeong S. H. (2020). Effects of nursing power and organizational trust on nurse\u2019s responsiveness and orientation to patient needs. Nursing Open 7(6) 1807\u20131814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nop2.567","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindberg P. Ving\u00e5rd E. (2012). Indicators of healthy work environments: A systematic review. Work\u2013A Journal of Prevention Assessment and Rehabilitation 41 3032\u20133038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/WOR-2012-0560-3032","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2012-0560-3032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","volume-title":"Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application","author":"Marquis B. L.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marquis B. L., Huston C. J. (2015). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health\/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.","edition":"8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regan S. 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