{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:10:10Z","timestamp":1792599010424,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,1]],"date-time":"1994-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":773020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv Dent Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Connective tissue remodeling is essential for normal growth and development, and many diseases have long been associated with the breakdown of the collagenous matrix of bone, cartilage, and related tissues. Recent work has established that members of the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes in matrix degradation. They function at neutral pH and can digest synergistically all the matrix macromolecules. Biochemical and cloning studies indicate that there are three major groups, collagenases, gelatinases, and stromelysins. Naturally occurring inhibitors, TIMPs (Tissue Inhibitors of Metallo Proteinases ), are important controlling factors in the actions of MMPs, and tissue destruction in disease processes often correlates with an imbalance of MMPs over TIMPs. The major inhibitor is TIMP-1 (or TIMP), a 30-kDa glycoprotein that is synthesized by most cells. The expression of MMPs and TIMPs by cells is regulated by many cytokines (particularly interleukin-1, IL-1), growth factors, and hormones, some of which are specific to cell type and others that are ubiquitous (e.g.,transforming growth factor \u03b2, TGF-P).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>One way in which pathogenic organisms might mediate tissue degradation in periodontal diseases is through the ability of cell wall antigens to stimulate cytokine production by circulating mononuclear cells. These would then induce MMP synthesis by resident gingival cells, thereby initiating degradative events. Direct in vivo evidence for the source of collagenase and other MMPs in periodontal tissues is limited. By using specific polyclonal antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence, we could demonstrate the presence of collagenase, stromelysin-1, gelatinase A, and TIMP in human gingival biopsy specimens. Their distributions are extremely variable, in both the connective tissue and the epithelium, but the results indicate that host cell production of MMPs may contribute to tissue remodeling in periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374940080022701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T17:39:26Z","timestamp":1483637966000},"page":"312-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Connective Tissue Degradation in Health and Periodontal Disease and the Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Natural Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"J.J.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry Floor 22, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.M.","family":"Hembry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry Floor 22, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"Meikle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strangeways Research Laboratory Cambridge CB1 4RN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2880605"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/348699a0"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(67)90136-7"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1974.tb01716.x"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340902"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971040-00014"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541217"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750412"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114215"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Delaisse J-M., Vaes G. ( 1992). Mechanism of mineral solubilization and matrix degradation in osteoclastic bone resorption. In: Rifkin BR, Gay CV, editors. Biology and physiology of the osteoclast. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, 289-314."},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-7799(92)90214-G"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02449.x"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1002609"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041500202"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/209728a0"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1990.tb00914.x"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345760550060701"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01143.x"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.9.2148-2154.1987"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1986.tb06235.x"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.81.1.105","volume":"81","author":"Hembry RM","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)55326-6","volume":"266","author":"Huhtala P.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01464.x"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(86)90109-3"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01508.x"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01798.x"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(91)90300-R"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01729.x"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1990.tb00906.x"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1986.tb00616.x"},{"key":"atypb31","unstructured":"Meikle MC, McAlpine CG, Heath JK, Newman HN, Reynolds JJ (1986b). Interleukin-1 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with severe periodontitis. In: Lehner T, Cimasoni G, editors. The borderland between caries and periodontal disease III . Geneva: Editions Medecine et Hygiene , 283-290."},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1989.tb02007.x"},{"key":"atypb33","unstructured":"Meikle MC, McFarland CG, Newman HN, Reynolds JJ (1992). Cytokines and connective tissue degradation in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. In: Newman HN, Williams DM, editors. Inflammation and immunology in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Northwood (London, UK): Science Reviews Ltd., 87-106."},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345840630031901"},{"key":"atypb35","unstructured":"Murphy G., Reynolds JJ (1993). Extracellular matrix degradation. In: Royce PM, Steinmann B , editors. Connective tissue and its heritable disorders . New York: Wiley-Liss, 287-316."},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2480265"},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb37","first-page":"25","volume":"30","author":"Murphy G.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2770277"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(91)80895-A"},{"key":"atypb40","first-page":"224","volume":"1","author":"Murphy G.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Matrix (Suppl"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb51590.x"},{"key":"atypb42","first-page":"421","volume":"1","author":"Nagase H.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Matrix (Suppl"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00157a002"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1987.tb01544.x"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)41928-X","volume":"267","author":"Pavloff N.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00439a004"},{"key":"atypb47","first-page":"375","volume":"1","author":"Reynolds JJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Matrix (Suppl"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42885-2","volume":"267","author":"Shapiro SD","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(90)90156-5"},{"key":"atypb50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.11.4491-4495.1992"},{"key":"atypb51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)77438-3"},{"key":"atypb52","first-page":"346","volume":"97","author":"Suomalainen K.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"atypb53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(89)90024-4"},{"key":"atypb54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345780570071401"},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1987.tb01603.x"},{"key":"atypb56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(91)90132-J"},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00977.x"},{"key":"atypb58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(77)90147-7","volume":"497","author":"Woolley DE","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"}],"container-title":["Advances in Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08959374940080022701","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08959374940080022701","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:47:05Z","timestamp":1777398425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08959374940080022701"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08959374940080022701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08959374940080022701","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-9374","1544-0737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-9374","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]}}}