{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T06:00:18Z","timestamp":1778133618897,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]],"date-time":"1997-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":873072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv Dent Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This is a review of studies conducted from 1988-90 on the oral consequences of snuff and chewing tobacco use among professional baseball players. About half of the players studied were smokeless tobacco (ST) users, the majority of whom used snuff. Compared with non-users, players who used ST showed a significantly higher prevalence of leukoplakia, which was related to placement of the ST quid, and the frequency, amount, duration, and type of ST used. Sites adjacent to these mucosal lesions showed an increased prevalence of gingival recession with associated attachment loss, cervical abrasion, and root caries than did comparable sites in non-users. Extrinsic stain and occlusal attrition were also more frequent in ST users than in non-users. While ST use placed players at significantly increased risk for mucosal lesions and other oral problems, no differences were found between ST non-users and users in measurements of batting, fielding, and pitching performance during the baseball season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374970110030101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T19:41:28Z","timestamp":1231443688000},"page":"307-312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Oral Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Use by Professional Baseball Players"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"P.B.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics School of Dentistry University of Washington Health Sciences Center D322 Box 356365 Seattle, Washington 98195"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.M.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dental Public Health and Hygiene School of Dentistry University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dental Public Health and Hygiene School of Dentistry University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1976.tb01769.x"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"170","volume":"16","author":"Christen AG","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatrician"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.3.351"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(92)90018-L"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450020070029"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1967.38.4.316"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1990.0139"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Greene JC, Ernster VL, Grady DG, Robertson PB, Walsh MM, Stillman LA (1992). Oral mucosal lesions: Clinical findings in relation to smokeless tobacco use among US baseball players. In: Smokeless tobacco or health. An international perspective. Shopland DR, Stotts RC, Schroeder KL, Burns DM , editors. NIH Publication No. 92-3461, pp. 41-50."},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(83)90009-9"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"87","volume":"2","author":"Greer RO","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gerodontics"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1991.tb00924.x"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356309011240"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1984.tb00911.x"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"271","volume":"43","author":"Pindborg JJ","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1990.61.7.438"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Robertson PB, Ernster V., Greene J., Walsh M., Grady D., Hauck W. (1992). Periodontal effects associated with the use of smokeless tobacco: Results after one year. In: Smokeless tobacco or health. An international perspective. Shopland DR, Stotts RC, Schroeder KL, Burns DM , editors. NIH Publication No. 92-3461, pp. 78-86."},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1995.0328"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356408993968"}],"container-title":["Advances in Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08959374970110030101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08959374970110030101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:41:46Z","timestamp":1777398106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08959374970110030101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08959374970110030101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08959374970110030101","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-9374","1544-0737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-9374","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}}}