{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T21:39:32Z","timestamp":1779399572148,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perit Dial Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peritoneal dialysis (PD) management is a fundamental nephrology skill, especially with the recent emphasis on home dialysis. We report a prospective multicentre cohort study of a formative objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) assessing competence in managing PD-associated bacterial peritonitis, using the unified model of construct validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The OSCE was developed by the principal investigators and reviewed by two subject matter experts. The test committee (eight nephrologists and one PD nurse) assessed test item difficulty\/relevance and determined passing score. There were 22 test items (7 evidence-based\/standard-of-care questions). Passing score was 16\/22 (73%). No item had median relevance less than \u2018important\u2019, and all were easy to medium difficulty. Content validity index was 0.91. Preliminary validation (16 board-certified volunteers): mean score was 19 \u00b1 2, with 94% (15\/16) passing. Kappa = 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77\u20130.94]. Cronbach\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.70.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty-seven fellows (16 programmes) were tested; 67% passed. Fellows scored significantly less than validators: 17 \u00b1 3 versus 19 \u00b1 2,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001 [95% CI 1.2\u20133.6]. Eighty-six per cent of evidence-based\/standard-of-care questions were answered correctly by validators versus 54% by fellows;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001. Ninety-three per cent of fellows recognized that sufficient criteria were present to diagnose peritonitis, but only 17% correctly indicated all three. Seventy-seven per cent recognized peritonitis-associated ultrafiltration failure, but only 17% prescribed 21 days of antibiotic treatment for gram-negative peritonitis. Eighty-five per cent of fellows surveyed agreed\/strongly agreed that the OSCE was useful in self-assessing proficiency. Second-year in-training examination and OSCE scores were positively correlated (Pearson\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.57,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.00).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The OSCE may be used to formatively assess fellow proficiency in managing PD-associated peritonitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08968608211000542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T05:36:55Z","timestamp":1616996215000},"page":"472-479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The peritoneal dialysis orders objective structured clinical examination (OSCE): A formative assessment for nephrology fellows"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Lisa K","family":"Prince","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C","family":"Y\u2019Barbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Nee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4805-6359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina M","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Nephrology Education Research and Development Consortium (NERDC)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12850"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Nephrology milestones. 2nd revision https:\/\/www.acgme.org\/Portals\/0\/PDFs\/Milestones\/NephrologyMilestones2.0.pdf?ver=2020-03-20-101148-917 (2020 accessed 10 September 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08461109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016101061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06530616"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","volume-title":"2019 USRDS annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States","author":"United States Renal Data System","unstructured":"United States Renal Data System. 2019 USRDS annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. Volume 2. Table D. ESRD treatment modalities. 2019. 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